英语四级语法总结.docx

四级语法讲义
一：时态：所谓的时态，就是时间 +状态。谓语动词的时态见下表：
1 ．主动形式
2．被动形式
CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时； （现在 / 过去）完
成进行时。
时间状语从句当中的时态：
一般过去时 所有的过去
一般现在时 表示 用 现在和将来
现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成
一．非谓语动词
一．不定式：
一）不定式的常考形式：
一般形式： He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式 : He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生
完成形式： He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式： The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前
二）不定式常考的考点：
1）不定式做定语 将要发生
1 / 19
2）不定式做状语 目的
3）不定式充当名词功能 ---To see is to believe.
三 ）不定式的省略
1）感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell,
taste,
feel
+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；
+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。 （强调我看见了这个事实 ）
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。 （强调我见他正干活这个动作）
使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同 1）一样被
动以后要还原 to
I ‘ d like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.
help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
）有些动词后只跟不定式如：
offer
want ， wish， hope， manage， promise， refuse， pretend ， plan， decide， agree， expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to
do, enable
sb to do
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be
able to do
2 / 19
be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do
五 ) 有的时候 to 后面要接 -ing 形式
accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward
to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to;
sink to; be
used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be
dedication/dedicated to; be
opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.
三、 need/want 后的 -ing 形式具有被动的意思。 其中， want 不太常用。
He needs (a lot of) encouraging.
二 . 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词
1)是名词 seeing is believing
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.
一）动名词的形式 :
一般形式： I don't like you smoking.
完成形式： I regret not having taken your advice.
被动形式： This question is far from being se