非谓语的用法总结.doc

非谓语动词的用法总结
李靖
非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。
一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)
1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如：
Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火）
To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。
2）用动名词做主语的句型:
It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣
It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间
It is worth doing sth 值得做某事
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收
It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。
3）不定式做主语的句型.
It is + adj +for sb to do sth.
比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。
It is silly of you to say so.
It is important for us to learn English well.
It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.
4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如：
When to leave hasn’t been decided 。
Whether to drive or take the train is still a 。
5） 一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：
Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。
. Planting flowers needs constant watering.
但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致，谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。
6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如：
----- What made him angry?
------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry.
7）过去分词不能单独做主语，前面必须加上being，构成动名词，做主语。如：
Being exposed to the sun is harmful to the skin.
Being examined twice a year , whether it is a car, a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.
经典练习：
It’s important for the figures_________ (update) regularly.
No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ______(remain) silent.
It’s really stupid of you _______ （tell）him the news yesterday so it has been distur