专升本语言学教案.doc

Chapter one
1, Definition of Language
There is no universally accepted definition of language. But one definition is more popular: language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for munication. (语言是人类用来交际的具有任意性的语音符号体系。)
2, Features of Language
Creativity (Productivity); Duality; Arbitrariness; Displacement; Cultural transmission; Interchangeability; Reflexivity
3, Functions of Language
Ideational function; Interpersonal function; Textual function
4, Types of Language
English belongs to the West Germanic division of the Indo-European family.
5, Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
Chapter two
1, ics
The study of speech sounds is called ics.
2, ic transcription
International ic Alphabet (IPA):
Consonants: 1) fricatives: /f v W T s z F V h /
2) stops: /p b t d k g /
3) affricates: /tF dV tK dK ts dz/
4) nasals: /m n N /
5) liquids: /l r/
6) glides: /j w/
Vowels: 1) fronts: /i: i e A/
2) centrals: /Q E: E/
3) backs: /B: C C: u u:/
4) Diphthongs: /ei ai Ci Eu au iE ZE UE/
Chapter three
1, Phonology
Phonology studies those speech sounds of a language that can distinguish words.
2, Phoneme & Allophone (音位和音位变体)
3, Stress
Stress is parative loudness of one or more syllables over others in a word.
4, Intonation (语调)
Intonation is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning.
5, Tone (声调)
Tone is the va