英语知识点总复习.doc

名词

>不可数名词的数：
>不可数名词通常没有复数形式，但可以借助量词来表示一定的数量。
two pieces of paper / three cups of tea
>常见的不可数名词：
1）流体:air / smoke / water / oil / ink / rain / tea / wine / beer / coffee / juice
2）物质：paper / glass / wood / dust / gold / fruit
meat / beef / rice / sand / furniture / sugar
3）抽象名词：health / friendship / luck / work / news / information / love
4）学科：physics / chemistry / maths / history / geography English / biology

名词的所有格有两种形式：一是在名词后面加's的形式，二是在介词of后加上 名词的形式。前者多用于构成表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格，后者多用于构成 表示没有生命的东西的所有格。
>，s所有格的构成
①普通单数名词：the boy's teacher
②词尾已有-s的复数名词：the teachers5 reading-room
③复合名词：the editor-in-chief's office
④表示几个词共同的所有关系：Mary and Tom^ bag
⑤表示几个词各自的所有关系：Mary's and Tom's bags
»注意：
l），s属格可以构成表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格：
a） 表时|、可：a week's time / a month's salary
b）表距离：ten miles, distance
c）表度量衡即价值：two pounds5 weight
d）表国家、城市、国际组织、地理名词：China's population / the sun's ray
>双重属格：of+'s属格
A friend of my brother
some children of Mr. Brown's
>难点：双重属格的名词前不能用the和one来修饰。
名词考点归类
a number of +复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the of +复数名 词”意为“......的数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
不定式短语、动词-ing形式或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Remembering /To remember English words is not easy.
Who will do the job hasn，t been decided yet.
“名词或代词+ 由 with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, but ,except, including, in addition to, like, no less than, rather than 等引起的短语”作主语时,谓 语动词与前面的名词或代词的数一致。如：
Mr. Li together with his two sons has gone to the cinema.
No one except the two boys was late for class.
当表示时间、距离、金额等度量的复数名词作主语，把它看作一个整体时，谓语 动词一般用单数。如：
Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee.
主语由 or, either—or, neither-•-nor, not only—but also 连接时，谓语形式由最邻 近的主语决定。
Not only you but also I am wrong.
Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon.
Either you or she is to do the work.
当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时（其特征是and 后的名词前无任何冠词），谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The teacher and writer h