高中英语基础知识复习材料.doc

That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有: that, who, whom, whose, which , as 关系副词有: when, where, why. 二、关系词的用法: (一) 关系代词的用法: 1. 作主语用 who, which 和 that ,如: He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. 作宾语用 whom, who, which, that ,如: The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen isa famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? 注:在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词 who whom, that 通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用 whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词 which 和 that 在非正式文体中也通常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3. 作定语用 whose ,如: (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注:“ whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上 a句),又能作宾语(如上 b句)。 whose 的先行词常用来指人, 但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可以与 of which 结构互换,词序是: “名词+of which ”,如: They came toa house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) He ’s written a book the name of which I’ pletely forgotten. (= whose name) that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。如: He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. (二) 关系副词的用法: 1. when 指时间, 在从句中作时间状语, 它的先行词通常有: time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如: I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注: when 时常可以省略,特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如: Each time he came, he did his best to help us. But help never ing from the day she fell ill. 2. where 指地点, 在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有: place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country 等。 This is the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 注: where 有时也可以省略。如: This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 3. why 指原因或理由,它的先行词只有 reason 。如: That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注: why 时常也可以省略。如: That is the real reason he did it. (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点: +which 结构: when = on (in, at, during …)+ which; where = in (at, on …)+ which; why = for which. 如: I w