The-American-Character-美国人的性格 D his own culture in order to make a new life in America. The immigrant's struggle for success never ends, because there is no limit to the possible goal. The second generation child, in turn, rejects the alien parents because they cannot measure up to American standards. The only way he can soften the blow is to achieve a still greater success. All over America the lawyers, doctors, professors and politicians with Italian, Irish, German or Polish names testify to the urgency of this drive. 英国的人类学家杰弗里·戈罗尔用弗罗伊德的说法来解释这一切。欧洲是被所有的移民抛弃的父亲，移民为了在美国过上新生活，背离了自己的文化。移民为了要成功从未停止过奋斗，因为目标 的内容没有限制。同样，第二代移民拒绝接受移民过来的父母，因为后者无法适应美国标准。他能减轻压力的唯一方式 ，就是取得更大的成功。在整个美国，有意大利人、爱尔兰人、德国人或波兰人名字的律师、医生、教授和政治家，都能证明这种成功欲望的强烈。 Not to strive, not to take advantage of the opportunities in such a world, not to succeed where success was so available － these things naturally became a sort of crime against the state. To develop the resources of a new country required energetic people, bent upon using their energies － not only for the rewards that would result to themselves, but even more important, to the community. So material success in the United States is not looked upon as selfish. Its results are seen to have communal value. 要是不奋斗，不利用这个世界的各种机会去成功而不能成功---这些无疑都是对国家的一种犯罪。开发一个新国家的各种资源，需要精力充沛的人不遗余力地发挥他们的充沛精力---不仅仅是为了他们会得到的回报，更重要的是给社会带来的回报。所以在美国，没有人把物质上的成功看成是自私的。成功的果实被看作具有全民共享的价值 。 Ford, Carnegie, Rockefeller built great fortunes for themselves. But they also built an economy which has brought a great deal of material well-being, higher health standards and better educational opportunities to millions of Americans. This is how it looks to us, anyway, from inside. 福特、卡耐基、洛克菲勒，都为自己创造了极大的财富。但他们也建立起一种经济，既可以带来许多物质上的幸福，更高的健康水平，也可以给上千万的美国人创造更好地受教育的机会。无论怎样，这就是成功的内涵。 A society which values competition so highly is inevitably an aggressive one, even though the laws carefully limit the forms aggression may take. It has a toughness about it which i
