雷达信号处理算法硬件实现.pdf

华中科技大学硕士学位论文 I 摘要如今雷达技术之所以能够取得快速的发展,非常重要的一个原因就是数字信号处理技术在雷达系统中的应用。自从现场可编程门阵列(FPGA) 出现后,就以其特有的优势迅速在数字信号处理中获得了广泛的应用。因此,雷达信号处理中的很多算法都是通过 FPGA 来实现的。本文重点研究了脉冲压缩和单脉冲测角的原理,列举出几种常用的实现方法, 并比较它们之间的特点。在此基础上,分别选择时域实现的方法以及振幅和差单脉冲测角算法,运用 verilog 硬件描述语言设计出了脉冲压缩算法和单脉冲测角算法的 FPGA 代码。脉冲压缩算法的实现结构主要是由寄存器,乘法 IP 核等组成。其数据处理流程是将输入的数据存入寄存器中,然后通过乘法 IP 核和加法运算来完成卷积运算,得到脉冲压缩的结果。单脉冲测角算法的实现结构主要是由寄存器、脉冲压缩模块和除法器模块构成。其数据处理流程是将输入的“差信号”与“和信号”分别存入两组寄存器中,然后通过脉冲压缩模块对其进行脉冲压缩处理,并将脉冲压缩结果送入除法器模块中, 通过 Restoring 算法实现除法操作,得到目标的角度信息。最后,运用 Xilinx ISE 综合开发软件和 Modelsim 仿真软件对 FPGA 代码进行仿真,并将仿真的结果和 MATLAB 仿真得到的预期结果进行对比,对比结果显示:脉冲压缩算法的仿真波形和预期的结果波形十分相似;单脉冲测角算法的仿真结果和预期结果很接近,说明基于 FPGA 的雷达信号处理算法逻辑正确,达到了设计的目的。关键词: FPGA ;脉冲压缩;单脉冲测角;除法器;雷达信号处理华中科技大学硕士学位论文 II Abstract A very important reason of why the mode rn Radar technology has been able to achieve such rapid growth is that Digital Sign al Processing is used in the Radar systems. Since the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) appears, it has been widely used in the Digital Signal Processing with its unique advantage. Therefore, a lot of Radar Signal Processing algorithms have been implemented on FPGA. The paper introduces pression and Angle Measurement by Monopulse in detail. Then lists some different method and co mpares their characteris tics. On this basis, pression is implemented in time-domain and Angle Measurement by Monopulse is implemented with A-SD Angl e Measurement by Monopulse, then designs them to FPGA code with veril og hardware description language. The structure of pression posed by register and multiplication IP core. First the input data are sent into the register, then the pression is implemented by multiplication IP core and addition. The structure of Angle Measurement by M onopulse posed by register, Pulse Compression module and divider. The input data are processed by pression module and then the result are sent to divider, the angle of the target is given by Restoring algorithm. At last, the FPGA code is simulated by ISE an