股票.ppt

Measuring the Cost of Living 生活费用的衡量 Chapter 24 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. 储蓄的困惑:最喜欢存钱的中国人越存越穷? u中国老百姓可能是全世界最爱存钱的, 可是有人根据依据 33年来的 CPI 的涨幅, 推算出人民币 33年来贬值逾 6倍,也就是算,如果在 1978 年改革开放之初时,拥有100 万元,单纯放到现在,只值当年 15 万元。在中国人的传统观念里,储蓄是勤俭持家的美德,但最喜欢存钱的中国人越存越穷,究竟是什么原因造成的, “越存越穷”折射出怎样的底层危机。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Measuring the Cost of Living 生活费用的衡量 u Inflation refers to a situation in which the economy ’ s overall price level is rising. u通货膨胀是指经济中物价总水平上升的情况。 u The inflation rate is the percentage change in the price level from the previous period. u通货膨胀率是从前一个时期以来物价总水平变动的百分比。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. The Consumer Price Index u The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumer. u The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the CPI each month. u It is used to monitor changes in the cost of living over time. 消费物价指数 (CPI) 是普通消费者所购买的物品与劳务的总费用的衡量标准。劳工部的一个部门劳工统计局每月都计算并公布消费物价指数。它被用来监测生活费用随着时间的变化情况。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated u Fix the Basket: Determine what prices are most important to the typical consumer. u The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) identifies a market basket of goods and services the typical consumer buys. u The BLS conducts consumer surveys to set the weights for the prices of those goods and services. 固定篮子: 确定哪些物价对普通消费者是最重要的。劳工统计局(BLS) 通过消费者调查并找出普通消费者购买的一篮子物品与劳务。劳工统计局对消费者进行调查来确定对这些物品与劳务价格的权数。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. The Inflation Rate 通货膨胀率 100 1 Year in CPI 1 Year in CPI -2 Year in CPI Year2 in Rate Inflation ?? u The inflation rate is calculated as follows: u通货膨胀率计算如下: 2 CPI - 1 100 1 CPI ? ?第年 第年CPI 第2年的通货膨胀率第年 Table 1 Calculating the Consumer Price Index a