语言学复习范围.doc

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I. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only.
［1］and dark [ł] are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound binations, thus they are said to be in plementary distribution. (P24)2. Morphemesare the smallest meaningful units of meaning, wordsare the smallest free form found in language. (P32)
3. Consonant sounds can be either voiceless or voiced, while all vowelsounds are voiced. (P16)
4. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the Cooperative principle proposed by J. Grice. (P86-87)
5.  Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronicstudy. The description of a language as it changes through time is a diachronicstudy. (P4)
6. An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air stream ing up from the lungs meets with anyobstruction when a sound is produced. (P18)
7. XP may contain more than just X. For example, the NP “the boy who likes this puppy〞 consists of Det, N and S, with Det being the specifier, N the head and S the plement. (P46)
9.  While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and de-contextualized, that of
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an utterance is concrete and context-dependent. (P79)
11. Psycholinguistics relates the study of language to psychology. It aims to answer such questions as how the hu