论爱德华·萨义德的媒介批评观.pdf

摘 要

爱德华·萨义德作为文学和文化批评家以及社会评论家，是一位在学术界甚至政界有
极大影响力的人物。他的著述涉及领域宽广且重要，尤其是他的东方学和后殖民文学已成为
大多数学者关注和研究的焦点。本文力图突破前人的角度和观点，从他对媒介批评的角度展
开讨论。
媒介作为信息的载体和主要来源，在人们的生活中起着至关重要的作用，人们依赖媒
介获取信息。政府也越来越依赖媒介，并且借助媒介的力量来推行其霸权和意识形态。本文
从三个方面分析论述了萨义德的媒介批评观：媒介产品、媒介行为、媒介现象。本文从文化
研究的视角，将萨义德与媒体相关在著述和其他相关作品及美国主流媒体的新闻报道作为文
化文本进行解读，试图揭示美国媒体已沦为国家机器和推行美国文化霸权和意识形态的工
具。同时，本文呼吁作为知识分子的新闻工作者应勇于向权力说真话，并提醒广大人民深刻
意识到媒体与政府的共谋关系。
本文首先运用福柯的话语理论和萨义德的东方主义对媒介产品进行分析。文章指出媒
介产品，即新闻作品，是在权力话语及东方主义心态的操纵下生产出来的知识。接着，本文
结合乔姆斯基制造共识的观点，指出新闻工作者、学者乃至政府通过窄播和制造新闻等一系
列媒介行为来制造共识以达到控制媒体、公众舆论和思想的目的，呼吁知识分子承担起向权
力说真话的责任。最后，本文运用葛兰西的霸权理论及法兰克福学派的媒介控制理论揭示了
隐藏在媒介产品和媒介行为背后的美国的媒介霸权和媒体、学者与政府的共谋关系。

关键词：萨义德；权力/知识；制造共识；媒介帝国主义
Abstract

Edward Said is a person with great influence in academic and even political
circles. His works impress readers for their broad topics and insightful contents,
especially his orientalism and post-colonial literature, which have become the focus of
many scholars’ study. This thesis attempts to break through other scholars’ points of
view and focuses on Said’s critical view on media.
The media, as the carrier and main source of information, play a vital part in
people’s life. The public rely on the media for information. The government also
relies increasingly on the media, and recurs to their power for practicing its hegemony
and spreading its ideology. This thesis analyzes Edward Said’s critical view on media
from three aspects: media products, media behavior, and media phenomenon. The
thesis tries to disclose that the . media have become a state apparatus and a tool
for exerting America’s cultural imperialism and spreading its ideology. In the
meantime, it calls on the news producers, as intellectuals, to be brave enough to speak
truth to power, and reminds the public of the collusion between the media and the
government.
First, this thesis