英语基础语法知识.doc

第一部分 基础知识
第一章 语 法
第一节 时 态
一．一般现在时
一般 + s; 在以ch, sh, s, x 或 o 结尾的词后 + es (teaches, goes, washes, fixes, guesses); 在以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词后，变y为i后再加-es (studies, tries)
1. 表示现在反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与every day, once a week, often,
always, usually, sometimes, seldom等时间状语连用：
-We go there twice a month.
-Industrial buyers are responsible for supplying the goods and services that an
organization required for its operations. (d. required - requires)
2. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等：
-He has great concern for others.
-Matter exists in three states.
3. 表示客观事物或普遍真理：
-Light travels faster than sound.
-Japan lies to the east of China.
4. 表示安排或计划好的将来的动作：
-The plane takes off at five.
5. 在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作（when, after, before, as soon as, until;
if, unless):
-If it is fine tomorrow, we will have a football match.
-A desert area that has beenwithout water for six years will still bloom when rain
will come. (will come - comes)
二．现在进行时
study-studying; come-coming; sit-sitting (forget-forgetting); die-dying
通常不能用于现在进行时的常见动词如下：
see, hear, smell, taste, know, find, forget, notice, suggest, be, love, like, want, hope,
wish, prefer, hate, understand, remember, believe, have, consist, seem.
1. 表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作：
-The students are running to the sports-field.
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻不一定在进行：
-He is writing a novel this year.
3. 可表示将来发生的动作，这一用法常用于go, come, leave, start等动词，后面也
常用表示较近的将来时间状语，如tomorrow, tonight, this coming Friday等，表
示安排或计划好的事情：
-Those visitors are leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.
4. 用来给习惯性动作加上赞赏或讨厌等感情色彩：
-The boy who is sitting beside me is always asking me a lot of whys and hows.
-He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night.
三．现在完成时
：
-His son has finished his homework.
2. 表示过去做的动作对现在仍有影响：
-It's so cold in here. Who has broken the window?
3. 过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在（这时常和since 或for 短语连用）
-Li has studied English for twenty years.