英语语法基础知识.ppt

英语语法基础知识
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语法层次
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语法结构的五个层次
词素 (Morpheme)
词 ( Word)
词组 (Phrase)
分句 (Clause)
句子 (Sentence)
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morphemes
词素（morpheme)
free
bound
lexical (child)
Functional(and)
derivational(re-)
Inflectional(‘s)
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词(word)
构词法
简单词（Simple )
派生词（Derivative）
复合词（Compound）
句法功能
功能词（Function）
实义祠（Content)
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分句类型(Types of clauses)
Independent (main; min S+V, complete)
独立分句 ( 主干, 主谓齐全，完整）
I love linguistics.
You believe me.
Dependent (subordinate; SUB CONJ, incomplete)
从属子句 （从属，需加连词，不完整）
when she entered the room
who delivered the lecture
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句子类型(Types of sentences)
简单句Simple (one independent clause)
She read the book.
并列句Compound (2> independent clauses connected with co-ordinating conjunctions: 并列连词)
She read the book but she didn’t like it。
复合句Complex (a combination of dependent (subordinate) and independent clauses：从属连词、连接代词、连接副词)
She read the book while she was in college.
并列复合句Compound-Complex (2> independent clauses + 1(>) dependent clauses)
He jumped for joy and screamed very loudly when his team won the game.
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简单句：句子只包含一个主谓结构，且句子的各个成分都是由单词或者短语表示。
A school is an important place to students.
Many people have a close relationship with their pets.
The students I teach have made better grades in the past few weeks.
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并列句：两个或两个以上互相独立的主谓结构、由并列连词连接。
Oliver came to the party, but Rose did not.
Every room in the house has its own function and it is difficult to imagine the life without one of them.
Tip: 根据两个简单句之间的关系—结合、选择、转折，因果， 选择不同的并列连词
结合：and, both…and, as well as, not only…but also
选择：or, either…or, neither…nor. or else.. Otherwise
转折：but, yet, however, nevertheless, while, whereas
因果：for, so, therefore,
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