[Abstract] Objective The risk factors in the process of neonatal nursing were analyzed, and management and prevention measures were put forward according to the risk factors. Methods From August 2017 to December 2018, 334 cases of neonates admitted to the department of neonatology in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Risk factors in the process of neonatal care were analyzed. Targeted nursing measures were formulated according to risk factors and clinical nursing experience. Results There were four main risk factors in the process of neonatal care, which were nursing staff factors, neonatal own factors, management factors, environmental factors and so on. Conclusion According to the common risk factors in neonatal clinical nursing, formulating reasonable, scientific and targeted nursing management measures can improve the health of neonates, reduce the occurrence of adverse events and improve the quality of neonatal nursing. [Key words] Neonatal; Care; Risk factors; Management of nuring