英语语言学-语言学知识点.ppt

语言学知识点? I 语言学导论? II 语言学主要分支学科? III 语言学的流派和理论 I 语言学导论? 1. design feature of language ?(语言的定义特征) ? 2. Language Families ( 世界语言分类) ? 3. important distinctions in linguistics ( 语言学研究中几对重要的概念) ? 4. scope of linguistics ? (语言学的研究范围) ? 1. design feature of language (语言的定义特征) ? defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication 1. design feature of language 语言定义特征? 1)Arbitrariness (任意性) ? 2)Duality( 二层性) ? 3)Creativity/Productivity( 创造性) ? 4)Displacement (移位性) ? 5)Cultural Transmission( 文化传递性) ?1) Arbitrariness( 任意性): ?定义: the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. ?举例: ?书, book, livre ?喜欢, like , aimer ?2) Duality (二层性) : ?定义: the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level posed of elements of the secondary level. ?举例: Sounds > syllables > words > phrases > clauses > sentences> texts/discourses ?3) Creativity/Productivity (创造性) : ?定义: Language can be used to create new meanings because of its duality ?举例 1: /k/ ,/a:/, /p/---- carp or park ?举例 2: England, defeated, France ? England defeated France. ? France defeated England. ?4) Displacement (替代性) : ?定义: Human languages enable their users to symbolize something which are not present at the moment munication. ?5) Cultural Transmission (文化传递性) : ?定义: language is passed on from generation to generation through teaching and learning rather than instinct. ?反例:印度狼孩