明代黄河灾害与河神信仰.pdf

I 摘要黄河流域多灾多难,历史上毫无规律的泛滥和改道,使黄河地域遭遇毁灭性的灾难。逮至明代,黄河改道更为频繁,致使黄河流域的地方社会屡受其害,其受灾程度极为严重,受灾频率十分密集。在此种黄患情境下,受明代政治、经济、文化和社会局势的影响,黄河流域的地方灾民在无助下怀着感恩的心情转而寄托于黄河河神的救助,由此推动了河神信仰在明代的发展和演变。有明一代,黄河河神崇拜和信仰由自然神崇拜演变为黄河流域地方性的民间信仰,并随之上升为具有治河英雄崇拜性质的人格神的官方信仰。其中研究国家河神祭祀体系与民间河神祭祀活动之间的互动关系,是理解明代国家和社会关系的一个重要视角。任何宗教信仰形式都是与社会紧密相连,显现其自身的社会属性,黄河河神亦不例外。黄河河神崇拜与其演变均是随着社会变迁而不断发展,其每个时代都反衬着丰富的历史文化内涵和时代特征。至明代,黄河流域的地方民众对河神的崇祀折射出实用功利性的心理指征,而明代河神信仰的实用功利性正是治河河神不断升华的原因所在。本文着眼于黄河河神信仰的起源、发展及演变的整体历程,着重考察黄河河神信仰在整个明代的时代特征、地位转换、社会影响等等,不仅可以全面深入体察河神神话的源远流长,有助于把握黄河文化与现代文化的融通共存,而且对认识我国礼制文化与黄河文化意义重大。关键词:明代;黄河灾害;河神信仰万方数据 II Abstract The Yellow River basinhas lots of disaster,in the historyof the Yellow River there is no rule of the floodsand regular diverted, makingthe Yellow River region suffered a devastating disaster. Getto the Ming Dynasty,the Yellow River diverted more frequently, resulting in the YellowRiver basin wherethe local society suffer more disasters,it is damage which is very serious, the frequency is very intensive. In the stituation of Yellow Riverfloods, by the Ming Dynasty political, economic, cultural and social situation, the influenceof the Yellow River basin where the victims under the helpless with the feelings of gratitude tothe Yellow River god help, thus promotingthe the river god faithin the development and evolution of Ming Dynasty. In theMing Dynasty,the Yellow River god worship and faith by the natural worship oflocalfolk beliefsofthe evolutionofthe YellowRiver basin, and rise for theriver hero worship nature of the personality of god's official religion. The researchof the interaction between national and folksacrificial system of ritual activities, that is very important for the understanding of the relation between state and society from the perspective of the Ming Dynasty. Any form of religion are closely connected with social, appearing social attributes of its own, the Yellow River god is n