试论惊吓损害的民事责任.doc

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several group number, then with b ± a, =c,c is is methyl b two vertical box between of accurate size. Per-2~3 measurement, such as proceeds of c values are equal and equal to the design value, then the vertical installation accurate. For example a, b, and c valueswhile on horizontal vertical errors for measurement, General in iron angle code bit at measurement level points grid errors, specific method is from baseline to methyl vertical box center line distance for a,, to b vertical box distance for b, list can measured
several group number, then with b ± a, =c,c is is methyl b two vertical box between of accurate size. Per-2~3 measurement, such as proceeds of c values are equal and equal to the design value, then the vertical installation accurate. For example a, b, and c valueswhile on horizontal vertical errors for measurement, General in iron angle code bit at measurement level points grid errors, specific method is from baseline to methyl vertical box center line distance for a,, to b vertical box distance for b, list can measured
several group number, then with b ± a, =c,c is is methyl b two vertical box between of accurate size. Per-2~3 measurement, such as proceeds of c values are equal and equal to the design value, then the vertical installation accurate. For example a, b, and c valueswhile on horizontal vertical errors for measurement, General in iron angle code bit at measurement level points grid errors, specific method is from baseline to methyl vertical box center line distance for a,, to b vertical box distance for b, list can measured
试论惊吓损害的民事责任
邵世星 国家检察官学院 副教授
　　关键词: 惊吓损害/直接损害/民事责任
　　内容提要: 惊吓损害区分为行为对象的惊吓损害和第三人的惊吓损害两种情况。在比较法上,对惊吓损害尤其是第三人的惊吓损害,一般都看作一种独立的侵权行为类型,运用一定的规则给予赔偿。对第三人的惊吓损害,其在性质上应被看作直接损害,而不是间接损害。侵权人应对第三人的惊吓损害承担以精神损害赔偿为主的民事责任。
　　所谓惊吓损害,是指自然人因受惊吓而出现昏厥、精神错乱、意识不清等的损害。在性质上,惊吓损害是民事损害,一般属于精神损害,但可能伴随精神损害而出现财产损害。如自然人因受惊吓而致精神错乱,被迫进行医治而花医疗费。
　　惊吓损害发生的情形有多种,为了使论述有意义,必须对引起惊吓损害的原因进行限定。应当注意到,自然原因和合法行为也能引起