基于遥感技术公路洪水灾害监测和预警技术研究.pdf

Study on highway flood disaster monitoring and early
warning technology based on remote sensing technology


A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Master




Candidate:Shi Yao

Supervisor:Prof. W. P. Tian






Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
摘要
遥感技术在公路洪水灾害的应用上是一门新兴技术,它具有视野宽阔、数据采集客
观和及时等特点,已成为大范围、快速获取和掌握公路灾情信息一种新的手段。遥感技
术应用于公路洪水灾害的预防,对水体淹没范围的获取,路面淹没情况的分析,淹没水
位到达的预警监测值的获取等都具有重大意义,对公路洪水灾害的预警和监测提供重要
服务。
首先,本文介绍了公路洪水灾害的主要类型和公路洪水灾害带来的危害性,通过对
遥感技术的参数分析,选用合适的卫星用于公路洪水灾害,进而得到水体识别、道路识
别和公路水毁灾害识别的研究,在公路水毁识别中用到单层次方法和多层次方法,主要
用多层次方法。
其次,本文研究了遥感影像数据与路网空间数据的匹配,这样就可以实时得到公路
路网在洪水灾害前后的信息,然后根据遥感图像对于公路洪水灾害监测的实时性,对公
路洪水灾害按照突发事件进行等级划分。
再次,本文在公路洪水灾害等级基础上,设立了公路洪水灾害的预警等级,根据得
到的各种预测预警信息,通知各级交通主管部门做好防洪准备,接着还介绍了相关的应
急处置的技术方法。
最后,公路洪水灾害的发生主要由于短时间的强降雨或暴雨,本文分析了我国公路
洪水灾害在时间和空间上的分布,在不同地区的强度也不同,遥感技术获取这些信息,
并结合相关部门的有关信息,对公路洪水灾害的预警提供了重要的支持。

关键词:公路洪水灾害;遥感技术;识别;分级;预警
I
Abstract
Remote Sensing Technology is an emerging technology in the application of highway
flood disaster; it has many advantages, such as wide field of vision, objective or promptly
data acquisition. It has e a new means in large-scale, rapid access and mastering of
disaster information of the road. Remote Sensing Technology is of great significance when
used in road flood disaster prevention for obtaining the scope of inundated waters, analyzing
conditions of flooded roads, and obtaining the early warning monitoring value of water level
when inundated reaches. It provides an important early warning and monitoring services for
floods on the highway.
Firstly, the article describes the main types of road flooding and road hazards caused by
floods. Through the parametric analysis of remote sensing technology, we can choose the
appropriate satellite for road flood disaster. And then get the research of waters identification,
road hazard recognition and identification of the damage disaster of the road. There are two
main methods in recog