否定句的形式和用法总结.doc

否定句的形式和用法总结
中学英语中表达否定含义的句子形式多样，用法灵活。准确地掌握与否定相关的语句形式和用法有助于提高英语阅读理解的准确性。本文就中学英语中否定句的常见形式和用法总结如下。
一常见否定句由否定副词 not,seldom,necer,hardly,rarely,scarcely等与谓语动词连用。I’m afraid that I can not attend your party this weekend.
I can hardly understand what he said just now.
注意：这些否定副词用语句首时，主句要使用倒装语序。例如
Seldom does he go to work late.
Never in my life have I heard such nonsense!
二否定祁使句：由Don’t 或Never+动词原形所构成。
Do not cut down the tree that gives you shade.
Never judge people by their appearance.
三全部否定：由否定主语（否定代词或no+名词）+肯定谓语所构成。例如；
Nothing in the world is difficult if you put your heart into it.
None of us can speak French.。
No man is born wise.
注意；常用neither/nor+助动词/情态动词+主语来表达某人也不。
Jim didn’t know her secret,neither/nor did Jack.
If you don’t accept his invitation ,neither shall I
四否定转移；常见的否定转移有两种情况。
1含有原因状语从句的主从复合句，形式上虽然否定主句的谓语，然而意义上则额是否定该原因状语，译为“并不因为……而……”例如
Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle said so.
The mountain is not valuable because it is high.
2当think,beloeve,suppose,expect,imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，通常把从句中的not提前，把主句变成否定句，从句用肯定形式，例如
We don’t believe that the news is true.
I don’t think that he is honet
注意：1把这些使用否定转移的句子变为反意疑问句时，疑问部分应与宾语从句主谓部分构成反意疑问句。例如
I don’t think that he is honest,is he?
2not常用在I think，I believe mI expect,I suppose,I guess I’m afraid等之后，代替否定的宾语从句。例如
——Do you think it will be a fine day tomorrow?
——I’m afraid not.
——Do y