MLA引用文献规范.doc

MLA 论文格式 1. MLA 文献引用格式的基本描述: 文学类论文通常使用 MLA ( Modern Language Association ) 格式。作者在正文中用括号夹注的形式注明参考文献的简要出处,即(作者姓氏+ 空格+ 页码)。 In-text Citation: Ancient writers attributed the invention of the monochord to Pythagoras , who lived in the sixth century BC (Marcuse 197) . 而在论文末尾的“引用文献”( Works Cited ) 部分( 按作者姓氏的字母顺序排列), 则可根据作者姓氏很容易的找出该引用文献的详细信息。包括作者名(姓+ 逗号+名) 、著作名、出版信息(出版地:出版社,出版年, 文献类别)三个部分。 In Works Cited: Marcuse, Sibyl. A Survey of Musical Instruments . New York: Harper, 1975. Print / Web. 21 Aug. 2011. 2. 引语( Quotations )的格式(引用原文) ?用引号“”… Among intentional spoonerisms, the “ distinctive features may serve to weld together words etymologically unrelated but close in their sound and meaning ”(Jakobson and Waugh 304). ?用方括号( square brackets “[]”) 和省略号( ellipses “…”) 标明更动原文的地方。 Smith (276) found that “… the placebo effect, which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when [his own and others ’] behaviors were studied …”?短于三行的一句或者短于一句的引语应该写入正文, 并且用双引号标明。?超过四行则另起一段, 齐头缩进 10 个英文字符( block quotation )。?? In General Linguistics: A Course , Saussure is considered as father of modern linguistics. ?? Many of the developments of modern linguistics can be described as his concept, . his idea of the arbitrary nature of the sign, langue vs. parole, synchrony vs. diachrony, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations, etc. Saussure ’s fundamental perception isof revolutionary signifi