电加热炉温度控制硬件系统设计.doc

毕业设计(论文)
题目:电加热炉温度控制硬件系统设计
英文题目:The Hardware System Design for Electricity
Heating Furnace Temperature Control

系别: 电子与机械工程系
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班级:
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专业: 自动化
二零零六年六月
摘要
本文以电加热炉的温度控制为被控对象,通过对电加热炉的温度控制对象特性的分析来确定电加热炉的温度控制硬件系统的设计和控制方案。
本课题是高温电加热炉的温度控制系统为研究对象,其中第一部分为硬件设计,主要由控制电路(包括8031处理器)、存储器2716、键盘/显示器接口8279等)、测温及报警电路(包括声光报警、温度检测及A/D转换等)、调功电路等组成。系统采用温度补偿和过零触发等技术,从硬件上保证了测温精度,为提高控制精度打下了基础。在第二部分建立了被控对象的数学模型,控制采用比较成熟的变速积分分离PID算法,并通过仿真选择了控制律的参数。利用8031单片机构成了控制器,实现了实时控制。测量温度部分是靠热电偶来实现,热电偶的冷端补偿采用热电偶(铂銠10-铂铑热电偶)温度传感器,测量标准,克服了常规方法补偿误差大的缺点,该系统具有软启动、程序升温、键盘输入、显示打印等功能,使温度控制为误差达到≤±5℃,调节温度的超调量小于30%,实时显示炉内温度,记录温度变化的过程。
为了在工业现场应用中具有较强的抗干扰能力,采取了一系列抗干扰措施。以单片机为核心,采用温度变送器桥路和8031,实现对电炉温度的自动控制。该控制系统具有硬件成本低、控温精度较高、可靠性好、抗干扰能力强等特点。有较高的适用价值和理论价值。
关键字
电加热炉;温度控制;8031单片机

Abstract
The heating furnace temperature control to call for the alleged target, Through Feb heating furnace temperature control analysis to determine the identity of the target heating furnace temperature control system hardware design and control programmers.
This paper studies on improving the high-temperature resistance stove temperature control system. The hardware has been described on the first part of this paper. It consists of the control-circuit (included 831 CPU, 2746/2864A memory, key-board and display unit interface 8279 etc), temperature measurement and alarm circuit (included sound-light alarm, temperature measurement and A/D conversion circuit) and power control circuit etc. The technique of pensation and zero-point trigging has been used in the system, and the precision of temperature measurement guaranteed from hardware builds a foundation to upgrade the precision of control. The mathematical model of the control object has been founded in the second part of this paper. The mature algorithm of variable speed integral separation PID has been adopted in control rule, and the parameter of control rule is selected by the simulation analysis puter. The real-time control is used anize control unit by t