化工热力学课件章.ppt

化工热力学课件章
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热力 学(thermodynamics)作为一门科学诞生于19世纪，最初用于研究和描述蒸汽机(steam engine)的操作以及蒸汽机工作的极限，后来上升到热机(heat engine)的研究和应用。“热力学”名称的本身就意味着“来自热的能量”，因为thermo代表热，dynamics代表动力。热力学在研究热机工作的基本原理过程中，总结、归纳出了著名的热力学第一定律和热力学第二定律。
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热力学第一定律和热力学第二定律没有任何数学意义上的证明，它是自然界基本规律的总结，迄今为止，没有任何人对这二个定律提出异议（除了一些科学狂人），自然界发生的过程或出现的现象也都遵循这二个定律。
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热力学第一和第二定律奠定了热力学科学的理论基础。从热力学第一和第二定律出发，通过一系列数学推导，建立了一整套的热力学公式，形成了完整的热力学理论体系。这就是我们今天所认识的热力学。
伴随热力学科学的形成和发展，产生了一批著名的数学家和化学家，其中，贡献最大的是美国数学家Josiah Willard Gibbs。
下面是Josiah Willard Gibbs的介绍。
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Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839 - 1903)
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Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839 - 1903) has been reckoned as one of the greatest American scientists of the 19th century. He provided a sound thermodynamic foundation to much of Physical Chemistry. “Gibbs’ Phase Rule” is well known to all in the field today.
Yale educated, he was awarded the first Doctor of Engineering in the ., and was appointed Professor of Mathematical Physics at Yale in 1871. In 1873 he published his first major works, "Graphical Methods in the Thermodynamics of Fluids". In 1876 came his most famous paper: "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances."
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John M. Prausnitz
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The research purpose of Prausnitz is to obtain, interpret and correlate thermodynamic properties of a variety of mixtures as required for process and product design in the chemical and related industries, including biotechnology. Toward that end, we obtain experimental data, perform Monte-Carlo molecular simulations and develop molecular-thermodynamic models based on the statistical mechanics of fluids and solids. Attention is given to crude oils, natural gas, polymers and protein solutions. While these research studies contribute to our fundamental understanding of condensed matter, their primary application is for economic, industrial-scale chemical engineering design.
目前Prof Prausnitz 的研究领域和研究方法
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Kenneth S. Pitzer (1914-1997)