初中英语语法总结(从句).doc

1 /40 --------------------------------------------- 感谢观看本文------- 谢谢----------------------------------------------------------- [ 标签: 标题]2016 初中英语语法总结( 从句) 从句分为定语从句,状语从句和名词从句三大类。定语从句又分为限定性和非限定性从句两种,由关系代词或关系副词引导,修饰主句的某个成分。状语从句分为时间、结果、让步、原因、条件及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句及 there be句型。 that 可代表人和事,而 whic h 只代表事;二者在从句中作主语或宾语。 that 作宾语时常可省略, which 则不能,而且其后的“不及物动词+ 介词’’中的介词不能省略。 which 作宾语时,先行词与 which 之间的介词不能省。例如: first doll that could say “ mama ” was invented in1830 . second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part , during which he sailed round the Cape Horn . 代表 a11 , anything , something , nothing , muc h 等词时,用 that 而不用 which , that 作宾语可省略。例如: care anything that has something todo with it. 2 /40 --------------------------------------------- 感谢观看本文------- 谢谢----------------------------------------------------------- [ 标签: 标题]2016 ’d better do something he prefers todo to please him . is the last time we met each other . came across the woman you told me about yesterday . who 和 whom 引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句的主语和宾语。 where 是关系副词,用于表示地点的定语从句,而 when 用来表示时间。 whose 是关系代词,修饰名词作定语。例如: Ford is the person who is most responsible for developing the idea of mass production . knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg . next morning , when she came down to breakfast , Mary was beaming with the pleasure ofa new , great discovery . visiting professor isa famous scientist whose son studies in my department . 在下列情况,限定性定语从句的关系代词可以省略: 1) 当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语;或它们在从句中作介词的宾语, 而该介词又在句末时; 2)当先行词是 that , all, 3 /40 --------------------------------------------- 感谢观看本文------- 谢谢----------------------------------------------------------- [ 标签: 标题]2016 only , everything , something , nothing 等代词时,或先行词前有一个最高级形容词修饰时; 3)当先行词前有 only , any , all, first ,no, last 等修饰时,或先行词就是 time , moment , way , direction , distance 等名词时, 关系代词即可省略。例如: delegation we had been waiting for finally arrived .