巢湖流域水污染排污权交易探索论文.pdf

I 摘要中国经济的飞速发展与人口的持续增长给资源与环境带来了前所未有的压力,环境污染已经成为制约我国经济与人口、资源、环境协调发展的一个重要因素。作为市场化的一种环境政策工具, 排污权交易制度引起了世界各国的普遍关注。排污权交易制度改变了传统的“浓度控制”原则, 而是实行“总量控制”, 并综合考虑了经济发展和环境保护两方面因素,是一项灵活、高效的环境管理政策, 为环境保护事业带来了新的希望。目前,全国许多城市都开展了试点,取得了一定得效果。巢湖作为我国“三河三湖”污染治理工程之一, 近年来水质有进一步恶化的趋势, 因此,探索构建适合安徽省巢湖流域的排污权交易制度的有效途径,既具有理论价值,又具有现实意义。除了绪论和结束语,文章主体分为四个部分。第一部分,从我国现有的环境政策入手, 首先介绍了我国环境政策的分类, 然后论述了我国现有的环境保护政策,并重点分析了排污收费、总量控制和排污许可证三种制度。第二部分,首先介绍了排污权与排污权交易制度的内涵、其运行模式、性质和目的,随后论述了其经济学理论基础,包括庇古税、科斯定理、哈丁“共有地的悲剧”和稀缺资源论等,最后概述了排污权交易在我国的发展历程。第三部分,对巢湖流域污染现状及污染成因做了简单描述,然后根据实际情况,分析了巢湖流域试行排污权交易制度的可行性, 接着从经济、环境、社会三个方面对巢湖流域推行排污权交易做了效益分析。第四部分, 在上述分析的基础上,构建了巢湖流域水污染排污权交易制度的具体框架,其中包括基本原则、主要组成、主要实施步骤,最后提出一些相关配套措施的建议。关键词: 巢湖流域; 水污染; 排污权交易;总量控制;排污许可证 II Abstract The rapid development of China ’s economy and the const ant increase in population have brought unprecedented pressure on the natural resources and environment. Environmental pollution has e an important factor in the harmonious development of China ’s economy, population, natural resources and environment. As a market -oriented environmental policy instrument, emissions trading system has aroused widespread concern around the world. By adopting the “total control ”principle instead of the traditional “concentration of control ”principle, emission trading sys tem considers both economic development and environmental protection. It is a flexible and efficient environmental management policy, which brings n ew hope to the cause of environmental protection. At present, many cities have launched a pilot project and have proven effective. Chaohu Lake, as one of China ’s pollution control projects of “three rivers and three lakes ”, its water quality tend to further deteriorate in recent years. Therefore, it ’ s theoretically and practically meaningful to explore an effect ive way of building the emissions trading system suited to Chaohu Lake in Anhui Province. Apart from the introduction and conclusion part, the essay is divided into four main parts .