中国经济可持续发展资源约束研究.pdf

Abs tract Sustainable development is a new point of view of Chinese government has made a clear statement that the strategy of sustainable development should be carried is not only the essential factor of economic development but also the key factor which restrains the sustainable deveiopment of economy. In China,the sustainable development of economy 1s facing a big problem of resource , how to utilize resource sclentificaily so as to reallze the sustainable development of Chinese economy has e an urgent Problem that we shouid soive. The present paper mskes a historical retrospectlon of the theory of economic developme!nt and expounds the normal theories of SUStainable development in the first 3econd chapter focuses its research on the ideas relevant to sustainable develoDmen七and making a dynamic analysis of resource third chapter makes a thorough analysis of the cutrent situation and the existing problems in Chl‘na from the perspectl’ve of human resource and natural reset]rce,po{nt{nq out the obstacles of the sustainabie development of economy in the fourth chapter, the auther puts forward the specific methods dealing with reSOUlrce restraint in order to tealize the sustainable development of economy in China. Key Words: economy resource III sustainable development restraint 可持续发展一般理论(一)经济增长、经济发展与可持续发展经济发展理论兴起于本世纪40年代末期,以后逐渐形成为--1"7新学科——发展经济学。可持续发展是发展经济学的新发展,是一种与传统增长模式截然不同的发展观,它把经济发展同生态环境、自然资源、人口、制度、文化等因素结合起来考察,加深和拓展了人们对发展的认识和理解。经济发展问题是可持续发展理论的主导。 l、经济增长与经济发展对于经济增长与经济发展这两个概念有无区别,西方经济学家一直争论不休。有的学者(]man)把这两个概念并列起来,有的在似乎应当用“发展”一词的地方却使用“增长”~词,有的则在指出它们的区别时,又认为这两个词可以交换使用。例如雷诺兹()认为,除了已计算出来的增长和与之相联系的结构变化外,人们还可以给“发展”一个特殊的意义,即由于增长而引起的经济和政治体制的系统变化,而经济增长与体铝4变化也是紧密联系的,因此可以把增长和发展视为互相替代使用的两个名词。但是,多数西方经济学家还是认为经济增长与经济发展是有区别的。例如哈根()明确指出,经济增长和经济发展具有不同的含义。他认为,经济增长指一国的人均生产(囝内生产总值1或人均收入(国民生产总值)的增加,两种指标的差异在于收入中有一部分可能流出国外。而经济发展一词有两重意义。它既指低收入国家中的经济增长加上物质利益分配的改