34节周五第一组 委婉语.ppt

Euphemism Group1 :施晴怡张燕芳施春玲陈艺红陈扬 1 Definition 23 Classifications of Euphemism Conclusion 委婉语指的是以文雅的、悦耳的或婉转的说法代替粗野的,刺耳的或直露的说法。借助语音、语法、词汇以及其他手段,得体地表达生活中那些使人尴尬、惹人不快、招惹厌恶或令人恐怖的事物。它的主要修辞效果是在语言上减少刺激性和敏感性,从而起到一种缓冲作用。 A euphemism isa generally innocuous word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive or suggest something unpleasant. Definition Classifications of Euphemism Traditional Euphemisms Stylistic Euphemisms 传统委婉语文体委婉语 Example : Death (死亡) to go to the other world (到另一世界去) to pass away (离去) to be no more (不在了) go to meet one maker( 见上帝) to join the majority (加入大多数的队伍) return to dust (归于尘土) be no longer with us (与我们永别了) ?对与死亡有关的事物也用委婉语,如: corpse ( 尸体)要说成 dearly departed ; undertaker (殡葬人员)称为 funeral director ; graveyard (墓地)称为 churchyard , cemetery 或 memorial park ; coffin (棺材)要说成 casket (收藏贵重物品的小箱) 传统委婉语是与忌讳语联系着的,某些客观存在的事物或思想,受社会道德标准的制约,不宜直说,而必须用另一些说法来代替,这就是传统委婉语。 Traditional Euphemisms Example: Disease (疾病) look off colour (气色不好,实指身体有病) under the weather (在恶劣天气条件下,实指健康欠佳) social disease (社会病,实指性病) not all there (神志不清,实指有精神病) leprosy (麻风病)要说成 Hansen ’ s disease Traditional Euphemisms Example: Old( 老) senior citizen people in advanced years elderly people no longer very young “养老院”:a rest home (休养所)、 young town (年轻城)、 home for adult (成人之家)或 nursing homes( 疗养院) a private hospital( 私人医院)、 a nursing home( 护理之家)等。老年时代: golden years (黄金时代)、 third age (第三年龄)等。 Example: Figure (身材) 说到瘦人,人们忌用骨瘦嶙峋或皮包骨头(skinny ),而说身材苗条(slim or slender) 。过于肥胖的用 plump, full figured, stout, out-size 或 over-weight, Queen Size 代替 fat 。说到男子肥胖时可以说, He is stout.( 结实的)He is big.( 块头大) He is well built.( 他身体健壮) Example: The disabled (残疾人) Inconvenient (行动不便的)代替 disabled (残疾的) Imperfect hearing (听力不全)代替 deaf (耳聋的) sight-deprived (被剥夺视力的)代替 blind (失明) special (特别的)代替 mental retardation (弱智) Character line (性格线)代替 wrinkles (皱纹) Traditional Euphemisms 文体委婉语是指那些与“忌讳语”无关的一类委婉语,这是人们在交际过程中为了表示礼貌,避免冲撞,满足交际双方的利益和心理需要的一些委婉语。 Stylistic Euphemisms collector (垃圾工) sanita