专业外语.ppt

–– Mechanical Mechanical Engineering Engineering English English 机械工程专业英语英语有基础英语和专业英语,或通用英语(English for general purpose , 简称 EGP) 和专用英语(English for special purpose , 简称 ESP) 之分,这是因为各领域的具体需求和从业人员的思维方式有所差异。例如:我那辆老吉普车终于发动起来了。? Finally , my old jeep started. ? Finally , the engine of my old jeep started. ? Finally , my ancient jeep coughed into life. 基础英语和专业英语的差异有时会给人隔行如隔山的感觉。如: ? fine breeze ; ? die ? award ? visibility ?微风吹拂?煤的粉尘[工]?死,终结?模具?授予,奖品?判决书?可视性?知名度[商] 专业英语在词汇、语法、修辞等方面和基础英语都有一些不同之处,但许多专业词汇可以从普通词汇中找到其渊源。如: Ablate( 烧蚀) 联想 ablaze( 熊熊燃烧的); reptile( 爬行动物) 联想 creep( 爬行)的过去式 crept ; tweezers( 镊子) 联想 between ; funnel( 漏斗) 联系 channel (海峡)或 tunnel( 隧道)。另一方面,某些原来科技术语也被赋予引申意义而在其他领域使用。例如: ?‘ temperature ? catalyst ; ? spectrum ; ? quantum leap ? Momentum ?“温度”引申关系的热烈程度?“催化剂”引申为“促进因素”?“光谱”引申为“系列”?“量子跃迁”现在已被赋予“重大突破,剧增,突变”?本意为“动量”,现已被引申为力度?此外,专业英语中的某些构词特征在基础英语中也同样存在。 Mr. King: Which school are you from? Lily: I am from Agricultural University of Hebei . Mr. King: What is your major? Lily: My major is Mechatronics . Mr. King: How many courses do you study in this semester? Lily: I have chosen many courses, such as Mechanical Drawing, Engineering Mechanics, Metallurgical Technology, Fundamentals of Machine Design, Fundamentals of Materials engineering, Electrician and Electronic Technology and English. 英汉科技翻译基础知识一、概论(1)翻译:把一种语言表达的东西用另一种语言表达出来。(2)分类具体分类:口译和笔译根据材料体裁分:政论作品翻译、文艺作品、科技文献二、翻译的标准用合乎规范的汉语来确切地表达原作的内容,并且在译文中保持和原作一致的修辞作用。三、翻译的过程(1)理解阶段(2)表达阶段四、翻译的步骤(1)查生词: (一)查不到分析词的构成(二)能查到但词义不确切(2)分析句子: 先确定是简单句还是复合句;划出主句、从句或并列句;然后找出主、谓、宾、状语等。(3)翻译(4)修改译文 PART 1 MATERIALS AND HOT WORKING Lesson 1 Metal and Their Use ? Engineering construction ? Engineering metals ? Alloy ? Simple metal ? Ferrous metal [` f?r?s ] ? Nonferrous metal ? Metallurgical [, met ? `l? :d? ik?l] Lesson 1 Metal and Their Use 10. lead 1. metal 2. construction 3. combine … with 4. iron 5. carbon 6. ferrous 7. nonferrous metals 8. copper 9. aluminium Vocabulary