定语从句讲解总结.doc

定语从句讲解总结
定语从句讲解
一．定语从句
注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，
如： ①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovel which (代物)。
that the man?
You lent the money to him.
Is that the man (whom/that) you lent the money to . 那位就是跟你借钱的人吗？
Is that the man to whom you lent the money ?(这里的whom不能被that代替)
2. The train for which I am waiting is now half an hour late. 那班我正在等的火车现在已晚了半小时。
3. This is the habit which you must try to do with. 这是你必须改掉的习惯。
（如果是固定短语，介词不能被提到关系代词前）
关系代词who/whom的用法
主格
所有格
宾格
先行词
格
人
who
Whose = of whom
who / whom
This is the man with whom I worked. 这位就是和我一起工作的人
This is the teacher who often tells jokes. 这就是那个常讲笑话的老师。
关系词who与that的区别
关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。
（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。
（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。
关系代词whose的用法
先行词
格
主格
所有格
宾格
人、物
-
whose=of which
-
Whose 是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物
1. He looked for a car.
Its engine was in good condition.
=> He looked for a car whose engine was in good condition. 他在找一部引擎状况好的车子。
What的用法
先行词
格
主格
所有格
宾格
含先行词
what
-
what
重点：
What = the thing(s) which
= all that
= anything that
The thing which I want is peace of mind.
=> What I want is peace of mind. 我所析是心灵的平静。（经典口语句）
She told the detectives all that they wanted to know.
=> She told the detectives what they wanted to know. 她告诉侦探们他们想要知道的所有事情。
I don't know what they were talking about.
我不知道他们谈论的事情。（关系代词）
我不知道他们在谈论什么。（疑问词）
注意what的重点：
1. What is called/ what we(you, they) call 所谓的
She is what is called /what we call a walking dictionary. 他是所谓的活字典。
A is to... What B is to ... A 之对...的关系正如B之对...的关系
Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。
What A is (was/used to be) 今日的A（昔日的A）
She is not what she was ten years ago. 她不再是十年前的她。
What is + 比较级 更...的是
What is more 更好的是；而且
What is worse = to make