doing用法总结经典.doc

doing用法总结经典.doc.
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doing的用法总结
动名词的作用
作主语
谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语，常用于如下构造：
It’s no good/use doing···如：
Seeing is believing.
Playing wit系，可改写成一个定语从句。
如果为单词，放在被修饰n之前，为短语，放在被修饰n之后。
如：a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping
a developing country =a country which is developing
〔2〕动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性质，可改写成一个for的短语，两者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
如：a washing machine = a mashine for washing
a swimming pool = a pool for swimming

〔1〕现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
①时间状语〔分词作状语前面可加when, while等〕
Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.
Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.
②原因状语
Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note
③伴随状语
The girls came in, following their parents.
④结果状语
The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.
注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时那么用完成式having done。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规那么“主动进展，被动完成〞。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
6. 作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.
可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。
动名词的时态和语态
动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常要用完成式，否那么都用一般式。如：
We are interested in playing chess.
He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.
I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.
假设主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象，动名词用被动语态。如：
We must do something to prevent water from being polluted.
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I remember having been told a story.
He was afraid of being scolded by th