Lesson one
Legal system
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Every law has no atom of strength, as far as no public opinion supports it.We1
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The reader who wants to trace the history of law in America is confronted with over 5,000 stout volumes of legal cases.
想要探索美国法律历史的人面对的是5000多巨册的法律案例。
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No one document, no handful of documents, can properly be said to reveal the character of apeople or of their government.
没有哪一个或者少数几个文件可以准确地揭示一国人民或政府的特征。
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When hundreds and thousands of documents strike a consistent note,over more than a hundred years, we have a right to say that is thekeynote.
当一百多年来成百上千的文件敲击出始终如一的音调时,我们可以说这就是基调。
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The American legal system, like the English, is methodologically mainly a case law system.
判例法
Part Two
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Civil law legal system
大陆法系/罗马法系
Common law legal system
普通法系
Statutory law
法国和德国为代表,还有瑞士、意大利、奥地利、比利时、卢森堡、荷兰、西班牙、葡萄牙、日本等
Case law
形成于英国,包括加拿大,澳大利亚,新西兰,爱尔兰,印度、巴基斯坦,马来西亚和新加坡,香港地区也采用英美法
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Most fields of private law still consist primarily of case law and the extensive and steadily growing statutory continues to be subject to binding interpretation through case law.
私法的大多数领域主要包括判例法,以及广泛的不断增加的成文法,这些成文法继续通过判例法受制于有约束力的法律解释。
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Knowledge
Technique
central importance
for an understanding of American law and legal methodology
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The common law is historically the common general law —— with supremacy over local law ——which was decreed by the itinerant judges of the English royal court. 普通法在历史上是普通综合法,由英国皇家法院的巡回法官公布的普通综合法地位高于地方法。
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enforcement 强制执行;
claim 请求;
action 诉讼行为;
writ 法院令状;
classical Roman law 古罗马法
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The enforcement of a claim presupposed the existence of a special form of action, a writ, with the result that the original common law represented a system of ‘action’ similar to that of classical Roman law.
某项诉讼请求的强制执行是以法院令状这种特殊诉讼形式的存在为前提的,而这就使最初的普通法表现为由类似于古罗马
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