英语基础知识.docx

英语基础知识
英语基础知识
一：英语的基本成分有七种：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 主语：可以作主语的有名词（如boy ），主格代词（如I,she ，he,they,we,you ），指示代词（如thisThe boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. (who is reading 修饰名词boy ）
状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
（短语）作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much.（程度状语）
The boy really needs a pen.（程度状语）
The boy needs a pen now ./Now ,the boy needs a pen.（时间状语）
：
In the classroom ,the boy needs a pen.（地点状语）
On Sundays ,there is no student in the classroom. (时间状语)
（短语）作状语：
He sits there,asking for a pen.（表示伴随状态）
Blamed by his father ,he sits there soundlessly./（因为）被他父亲骂了，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）
4．不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的状语）
I am glad to see you. （原因状语）
He hurried to the station,only to find the bus had left . (结果状语，意料之外)
5．状语从句(9种)：时间状语从句（引导词有since 自从when,while,after 等）、地点状语从句（引导词有where 等）、原因状语从句（引导词有because,since 既然等）、结果状语从句（引导词有so (that)所以等）、目的状语从句（引导词有in order that,so that 为了等）、比较状语从句（引导词有as …as;the same as 等）、让步状语从句（引导词有though,although,even if,whatever 等）、条件状语从句（引导词有if,unless,in case 等）和方式状语从句（引导词有as 按照,as if 等）。 When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. As it is raining, I will not go out.
Make a mark where you have a question.
Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
She was ill, so that she didn ’t attend the meeting.
If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
Though he is a child, he knows a lot. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
You must do the exercise as I show you.
I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.

补语：
动词不定式（感官动词(see,hear,feel,smell,taste,touch 等)和使役动词(have,let,make 译为使或让)后的宾语补足语把to 去掉），名词短语，介词短语，形容词，现在分词和过去分词等可充当宾语补足语。
I find him happy . （形容词作宾语补足语）
I see him doing his homework .我看到他正在做他的家庭作业。
I see him do his 。
I a