论债务履行辅助人的界定
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several group n义务不符合约定的,应当承当继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等违约责任〞。第121条又规定:“当事人一方因第三人的原因造成违约的,应当向对方承当违约责任。当事人一方和第三人之间的纠纷,依照法律规定或者按照约定解决〞。值得考虑的是,该条未对第三人的范围作出限定,单从条文看不出系限于履行辅助人,而更象是将所有第三人均包括在内,但根据立法者的原意,当时是想以“与自己有法律关系〞的措辞来限制第三人的范围的,只是因为这样并达不到限制第三人范围的目的,才决定删去该词。又鉴于“上级机关〞已在1993年经济合同法修改中被彻底废除,合同法又未成认第三人侵害债权制度,应认为条文中的第三人指债务履行辅助人及其他第三人。有问题的是,法律既采严格责任,无疑包括“为债务履行辅助人负责〞,如此,是否还有研究“为债务履行辅助人负责〞原那么的必要?也即既然债务人因任何第三人的原因而违约都要承当违约责任,那再区别债务履行辅助人和其他第三人又有何意义呢?笔者认为,姑且不管合同法对第三人的范围不加限制,在严格责任下扩大债务人的责任范围,却只规定了过错责任下的免责事由(第117条关于不可抗力的规定)的处理方法的合理性何在,在严格责任下,对债务履行辅助人的研究和界定,也并不是没有意义的,恰恰相反,意义重大。这主要表现在以下几个方面:
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several group number, then with b ± a, =c,c is is methyl b two vertical box between of accurate size. Per-2~3 measurement, such as proceeds of c values are equal and equal to the design value, then the vertical installation accurate. For example a, b, and c valueswhile on horizontal vertical errors for measurement, General in iron angle code bit at measurement level points grid errors, specific method is from baseline to methyl vertical box center line distance for a,, to b vertical box distance for b, list can measured
several group number, then with b ± a, =c,c is is methyl b two vertical box between of accurate size. Per-2~3 measurement, such as proceeds of c values are equal and equal to the design value, then the vertical installation accurate. For example a, b, and c valueswhile on horizontal vertical errors for measurement, General in iron angle code bit at measurement level points grid errors, specific method is from baseline to methyl vertical box center line distance for a,, to b vertical box distance for b, list can measured
several group number, then with b ± a, =c,c is is methyl b two vertical box between of accurate size. Per-2~3 measurement, such as proceeds of c values are equal and equal to the de
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