风险分析方法
第1页,此课件共15页哦
概念-范围Concept - Scope
风险分析是为了找出
The scope of the risk analysis is to find out
任何种类的活动(非活动)可STIC part
例如:
For example:
某人假如碰巧踩到香蕉皮滑倒,风险是什么?
What is the risk a person runs into in case she/he slips a banana peel
2) 对于地球上一个人来说,一旦宇宙另外的星系发生核爆炸,风险是什么?
What is the risk for a person in our planet in case of a nuclear explosion in another galaxy of the universe
什么是风险?What is Risk?
第9页,此课件共15页哦
可能性Probability
根据不同的模型计算(预先危险性分析,故障模型和失效影响分析,故障树分析……)
Calculated according to different methods (HAZOP, FMEA, Fault Tree Analysis…)
建议从做简单的开始(通常是FMEA),然后如果需要,使用最精确的方法(故障树分析)。
It is suggested to start from the easiest (usually FMEA) then, if needed, use the most precise (Fault Tree Analysis)
最精确的方法也是成本最高的方法(需要时间和费用)。所以建议仅使用该方法用于评估非常复杂和危险的工艺。
The most precise is also the most expensive (time and experts needed) so its use suggested only to evaluate the probability of very complicated and dangerous processes.
第10页,此课件共15页哦
后果的影响Effect
首先,影响可以根据普遍的经验预测,例如人员摔倒;着火;粉尘爆炸,在没有精确计算下。
The effects can, at first, be predicted according to the common experience, . people falling down; fire; dust explosion, without calculating “how much”
可以根据数学模型评估,例如对于最复杂和最危险的工艺,火焰热辐射,爆炸超压。目的是计算影响有多大。
Evaluated according to mathematical modeling, . flame heat radiation, explosion overpressure, for the most dangerous and complicated processes. The scope is to evaluate how big can be the effect.
建议评估“多米诺模型”,例如经过检查后的影响可能只是导致很小的火灾。但是如果它发生在大的储罐旁边,就可能会演变成很大的火灾。
It is suggested to evaluate “domino effects”, . the effect under examination may led to a small fire. But if it happens beside a big tank, the effect can evolve to a very big one.
第11页,此课件共15页哦
故障Failure
模型Mode
影响Effect
分析Analysis
V101
P101
L101
进料feed
故障模型和失效影响分析FMEA
工艺参数
变量
原因
影响
第12页,此课件共15页哦
顶事件是最终的影响
Top event is the final EFFECT
P=Pev1xPev2 + Pev2xPev3xPev4 + Pev5
顶事件Top event
Ev
Ev 2
Ev 1
Ev 5
Ev 4
Ev 3
Ev 2
Ev
Ev
and
and
or
Ev
or
故障树分析Fault Tree Analys
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