过去分词作宾补.docx

过去分词作宾补

过去分词作宾补
一. 过去分词作宾补, , 表示被动意义或已完成的意义,有时两者兼之,作宾补的过去分词与宾语之 14 页


〔1〕感官动词see, watch , observe, look at , hear , listen to , notice 等和使役动词have后面的宾补有两种状况：

a. 当宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系时，须用动词原形〔即不带to的不定式〕及此时此刻分词doing，不带to的不定式表完成，此时此刻分词表被动关系时，须用过去分词being done〔此时此刻分词的一般被动式〕，过去分词表完成或没有必须的时间性，being done 表正在进展。
eg. I heard her sing an English song just now . (主动，完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动，正在进展)
I heard an English song being sung by a litter girl when I passed by her room yesterday.(被动，正在进展)
Attention ： vt 的过去分词作宾补表完成或状态。
eg. I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.(状态) I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much .(完成) (2).使役动词let 后加复合宾语时，当宾语与宾补在逻辑上为主动关系时，宾补用V原〔即不带to的不定式〕；当宾语与宾补在逻辑上为被动关系时，宾补用“be+V-ed” eg. Don’t let your child play with matches. Let the work be done immediately.
(3). leave后接不定式或分词作宾补时，意为“使……处于某种状态” leave sb doing sth 让某人始终做某事〔宾语与宾补—主动，动作正在进展〕










sth undone 留下某事未做〔被动关系，表被动和完成〕一般以

undone，unfinished，unsettled，untouched为多。 Sb to do sth 留下某人做某事}不定式表将来的动作
Sth to be done 留下某事要做}
Eg. It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.(主动，正在进展) The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.(被动，完成)
He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.
(4) have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have，get 表示“使，让，叫”之意。
a. have sth done = get sth done 使/让某事由别人去做〔叫/让某人做某事〕
eg. I’ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow . 此外，have sth done 还表示“使遭遇…..”之意 eg. Tom had his leg broken while playing football.
b. have sb/sth doing 使/让某人/物持续的做某事 〔此时此刻分词表主动，正在进展〕
get sb/sth doing 使某人/物起先行动起来
eg. The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
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