英语国家概况精讲系列（十二）.docx

英语国家概况精讲系列（十二）
III. The Chartist Movement (1836-1848)宪章运动〔1836-1848改革法案》〔也称为1832年的大宪章〕废除了“衰败选区”；在新兴城镇中较为公允地重新安排了议席；以财产价值为根底赐予很多屋主和佃家。
b) The New Poor Law of 1834 forced the poor people into work houses instead of giving them sufficient money to survive in their own ，而没有给他们足够的钱在自己的家里生存。3．A People’s Charter人民宪章There was widespread dissatisfaction with the Reform Act of 1832 and the New Poor Law. In 1836, a group of skilled workers and small shopkeepers formed the London Working Men’s Association. They drew up a charter of political demands (a People’s Charter) in 1838, with the intention of presenting it to Parliament. It had six points: (1)the vote for all adult males; (2)voting by secret ballot; (3)equal electoral districts; (4)abolition of property qualifications for members of Parliament; (5)payment of members of Parliament; (6)annual Parliaments, with a General Election every 《改革法案》和《新贫困法》引起了普遍不满。1836年，一群技术工人和小店主组成伦敦工厂联盟。他们于1838年起草了有关政治要求的宪章〔人民宪章〕，想把它呈送给议会。宪章有六点内容：〔1〕全部成年男子都有选举权；〔2〕进展无记名投票；〔3〕同等选区；〔4〕议员选举废除财产资格要求；〔5〕议员应有酬报；〔6〕议会每年六月进展大选。4．Results of the Chartist Movement宪章运动的结果。Chartism failed because of its weak and divided leadership, and its lack of coordination with trade-unionism. The working class still immature, without the leadership of a political party armed with correct revolut