词汇学0chapter 3.ppt

Chapter 3( 构词法) General Remark 概述 Compounding 复合构词法 Derivation 派生构词法 Prefixation 加前缀 Suffixation 加后缀 Conversion 词类转换法 The differences between “ root ”, “ stem ” and “ base ”? ? Root/ 词根: is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology ? Stem/ 词干: the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. ? Base/ 词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. undesirables = un + desire + able + s ? Base: desirable → desire (base) undesirable → desirable (base) undesirables → undesirable (base) ? Base/ 词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. 2) denationalized denationalized = de + nation + al + ize + d ? Root: nation ? Stem: denationalize ? Base: national → nation nationalize → national denationalize → nationalize denationalized → denationalize ? desirable: desire (root or base, not stem) ? undesirable: desirable (base, not root, not stem) ? undesirables: undesirable (stem or base, not root) ? desired: desire (root, stem or base) Compounding Questions: 1. What pounding? 2. What are the relative criteria of a compound? 3. The classification pounding? What pounding? ? Compounding / composition : a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit. . flowerpot= flower + pot back The relative criteria of pound 1. Orthographic criterion: Compounds are written in three ways, that is, solid, hyphenated and open. . flowerpot Solid : flowerpot Hyphenated : flower-pot Open : flower pot 2. Phonological criterion: Compound accent : a main stress on the first element and secondary stress on the second element. Normal phrase accent : a second