被动语态课件.ppt

Unit 9 When was it invented? was invent ed : 被发明结构: be (am /is/are/was/were)+ 动词的过去分词时态:被动语态(the Passive Voice) 英语根据其谓语动词与主语的关系分为两种语态即主动语态(The Active Voice) 和被动语态(the Passive Voice). 主动语态表示主语是动作执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 am/are /is +动词的过去分词:一般现在时的被动语态 was/were +动词的过去分词:一般过去时的被动语态 Many people speak English.( 主动语态) English is spoken by many people.( 被动语态) The naughty boy broke the window yesterday.( 主动语态) The window was broken ( by the naughty boy) yesterday.( 被动语态) 主动句与被动句之间的转换 We bought some books . 主语谓语动词主动语态的过去式宾语 Some books were bought ( by us ) 主语谓语动词被动语态的过去分词介词+ 宾语主动句变为被动句所遵循的 4个步骤: 1 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。 2 把动词变为被动形式即 be + 过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。 3 原主动句的主语如需要则放在 by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格) ,如不需要则可省略。 4 其它的成分(定语、状语) 不变。被动语态的几种句型 1 肯定句主语+ be + 过去分词+ (by …) A sweet song was sung by her on the stage. 2 否定句主语+ be + not +过去分词+ (by …) 3 一般疑问句 Be + 主语+过去分词+ (by …) A sweet song wasn ’ t sung by her on the stage. Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage? 4 特殊疑问句疑问词+ be + 主语+过去分词+ (by …) Where was a sweet song sung by her? 练习一请把下列的主动句变为被动句(注意时态的一致) 1 He wrote an article last week. An article was written by him last week. 2 The people make history. History is made by people. 3 Do people use Chinese only in China? Is Chinese used by people only in China? 4 They didn ’ t visit the city two years ago. The city wasn ’ t visited by them two years ago. 5 Where did you make them? Where were they made by you? 被动语态的几种类型一、由及物动词构成的被动语态 1、有一个宾语的句子的被动语态主动句主语( S) + 谓语( V) + 宾语( O) 被动句主语(原 O) + be + 过去分词+ by + 宾语(原S之宾格形式) He copied others ’ homework. ( 主动句) Others ’ homework was copied by him.( 被动句) The girl opened a present.( 主动句) A present was opened by the girl.( 被动句) 练习: 2、有两个宾语的句子的被动语态主动句主语( S) + 谓语 V) + 间接宾语(IO ) + 直接宾语( DO ) 被动句 1 主语(原 IO ) + be + 过去分词+原 DO +by