10-向日葵.pdf

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l that changes affecting the expression, sequence, and
gene interactions of HaFT paralogs have played key roles during sunflower domestication. Our
findings also illustrate the important role that evolving interactions between new gene family
members may play in fostering phenotypic change.
Highlights
• After recent expansion, the sunflower FT gene family members have met diverse
fates.
• HaFT expression changes are associated with a shift to early, long-day flowering.
• A frameshift in domesticated HaFT1 impacts flowering by interfering with HaFT4.
• HaFT1 experienced a selective sweep during early sunflower domestication.
Results and Discussion
In plants, lineage-specific duplications in the FLOWERING LOCUS T-like (FT-like) gene
family are often found and may be important substrates for evolutionary innovation [7–13].
FT plays a crucial and widely conserved role in regulation of flowering time by environmental
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. ******@; Phone: ; Fax: .
†Present address: Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
‡Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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