食品冷冻冷藏的课件.ppt

第一章　食品冷冻冷藏的 生物化学基础
1-1 食品材料的基本构成
1-2 食品材料的主要化学成分
1-3 食品冷冻冷藏原理
1-1 食品材料的基本构成
生物由细胞构成，生物体的新陈代谢都是
The detailed structure of a muscle cell or fibre, showing the transverse tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondriae and sarcomeres
DETAILED MUSCLE STRUCTURE
Metalloprotein Program Project Overview
One-third of all proteins are "metalloproteins", chemical combinations of protein atoms (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur) with ions of metals such as iron, calcium, copper, and zinc. The hemoglobin, for example, that carries oxygen in the bloodstream, is an iron-containing metalloprotein.
The metal ions in metalloproteins are critical to the protein's function, structure, or stability. In fact, numerous essential biological functions require metal ions, and most of these metal ion functions involve metalloproteins. Thus, metalloproteins make life on Earth possible and the ability to understand and ultimately control the binding and activity of protein metal sites is of great biological and medical importance.
Over the next five years, this Program aims to overcome current problems relating metalloprotein structure and function. Our major focus is to establish a direct experimental correlation between structural design parameters and metalloprotein properties by using an accurate database of protein metal sites, explicit evaluation of possible states, projects that separate general and framework-specific effects, and efficient computational searches in the vast combinatorial landscape of the metal site environment. The ultimate goal of our research is to achieve a comprehensive understanding and the successful design of metalloproteins.
1-2 食品材料的主要化学成分
蛋白质
脂肪
维生素
酶
水分
矿物质
糖类
食品化学成分的生理功能
蛋白质是构成一切生命体的重要物质，是生命的物质基础。
构成元素：C(50-55%) H(5-7%) O(20-25%)
　　　　　　N(15-18%) S(-%) P(0-6%)
氨基酸是蛋白质的基本单位，参与构成的主要有20种（表1-1）
氨基酸在肽链中的排序和空间排布不同，使蛋白质呈现1-4种结构（图1-3）
蛋白质
蛋白质的分类