THAT用法总结.doc

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“that”在英文中是一个使用频率很高的单词。它有四种词性,并且句法及语法功能纷繁复杂。同学们如果不能熟练掌握其用法,很可能会形成英语学习的一种障碍,从而影响其学习兴趣和效率。现将that的用法总结归纳如下:
  第一、that 用作形容词(后接复数名词时用those)。
  它用来指已被提到的人或物;也可表对比,指两个中较远的那个。
  What about that book you borrowed from me last month?
  请注意,that 有时候在句子中具有喜欢或轻蔑等感情色彩。
  that little son of his 他那个小宝贝儿子
  That e!乔治那家伙!(含有轻蔑语气)
  第二、that 用作代词。
  1. that 用作指示代词(复数形式是those),其指代意义同形容词用法,同时它还可以用作定语从句中的先行词;还可为了避免重复,代替前述名词。
  That is what he told me.
  What is that (which) you have got in your hand?
  The price of rice is higher than that of flour.
  2. that 用作关系代词,引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物,用法相当于who或which。(但是在下列情况下多用that:先行词既有人又有物时;先行词有形容词最高级、序数词、不定代词、very,only等修饰时;先行词是不定代词时)
  He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
  I think it one of the most wonderful films that the pany has ever produced.
  She has little information that is useful for our research.
  Is there anything that I can do for you?
  请注意,that 在定语从句中作宾语时通常可省略。
  The books (that) I sent you will help you in your studies.
  第三、that 用作连词,引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句。
  1. that名词性从句。
  ①引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。
  I didn't expect (that) he could win the championship.
  The teacher pointed out that Tom was not working hard enough.
  ②引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语的句型。
  That the earth goes around the sun is known to everyone.
  (It is known to everyone that the earth goes around the sun.)
  ③引导表语从句。
  The trouble is that we are short of money.
  ④引导同位语从句。
  引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的。前者只起语法作用,在从句中不作任何成分;而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。举例说明:
  The news that he resigned from office surprised us.
  The idea that he holds is mon nowadays on campus.
  2. that引导状语从句
  ①引导目的状语从句。
  Bring it nearer that I may see it better.
 
②引导结果状语从句。
  What have I done that he