TEM4语法.ppt

考察重点
I. 语法
i. 虚拟语气
It’s vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/ advisable/ natural/ essential + that + 动词原形
It’s time/about time/high time + that + 一般过去时
表示建议、命令、要求的动词,如suggest, mend, demand, insist, order等后面的从句的谓语部分用(should+)动词原形;相应的名词proposal/ suggestion/ mendation等+that同位语从句+动词原形
would rather + that从句+一般过去时
lest + that + should + 动词原形
If only + that + would + 动词原形
倒装虚拟式,即省略连词if后,were,should,had移至句首形成倒装的虚拟假设
ii. 非谓语动词
不定式作状语表示目的、未来的动作
分词作状语表示伴随、原因
现在分词用语表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成
某些动词要求动名词作宾语,如:admit, acknowledge, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, resist, consider, defer, delay, deny, dislike, mind, ensure, escape, favor, imagine, miss, postpone, resent, risk, stop, suggest,等
独立主格作状语,与其他非谓语动词的不同是,其逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致,无主动、被动关系
iii. 状语从句
用at times, provided, so long as, in case, once等来替代if引导的条件状语从句
由even if/so, now that, for all等引导的让步状语从句
just/hardly … when引导的时间状语从句
more than, as … as, not so much as, the same as, as much as等引导的比较状语从句
iv. 情态动词
与完成式的连用
v. 定语从句
介词+which/whom形式
as引导的非限制性定语从句
When, where, why与at which, in which, for which间的交替使用
考察重点
II. 词汇
动词、名词、形容词与介词的搭配, 如:popular/patient + with, under + discussion等
习惯用法,如:confess to, set about, be used to + doing等
由同一动词构成的短语,主要涉及短语动词(v. + prep./ad.),动词短语(v. + n.),介词短语及固定词组
单个的动词、抽象名词、形容词、副词的近义词、同义词比较(主要靠上下文意与逻辑关系区分用词)
介词短语作状语,如:in terms of, with the exception of, in vain
语言难点
“A is to B what/as C is to D”结构
[1998] Twelve is to three __ four is to one. A. what B. as C. that D. like
[2001] Intellect is to the mind __ sight to the body. A. what B. as C. that D. like
*在what两端分别是物与物间的比较,而as两端通常是数与数的比较。
. <1> To the Portuguese, the dry salted cod is what pasta is to the Italians.(陆谷孙,《英汉大词典》) <2> 2 is to 4 as 8 is to 16./As 2 is to 4, (so) 8 is to 16.(陆谷孙,《英汉大词典》)