2023年考研英语二阅读真题.docx

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Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,,,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.
Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses'convention,,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself."Whoisthat?"."Oh,that'sGod,"camethereply,"butsometimeshethinkshe'sadoctor."
Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit'llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman''tattemptto
.
Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,-the-'sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.
"Ifatfirstyoudon'tsucceed,giveup".
,youshould________.
[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience
[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople
[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople
[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners
,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.
[A]impolitetonewarrivals
[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole
[C]entitledtosomeprivileges
[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours
.
[A]havebenefitedmanypeople
[B]arethefocusofpublicattention
[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor
[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock
,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________.
[A]inwell-wordedlanguage
[B]asawkwardlyaspossible
[C]inexaggeratedstatements
[D]ascasuallyaspossible
.
[A]UseHumorEffectively
[B]VariousKindsofHumor
[C]AddHumortoSpeech
[D]DifferentHumorStrategies
Text2
Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolsto
copewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,—,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.
Asaresult,--mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.
Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge."Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,"saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,"wecan'tyetgivearobotenough'commonsense'toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld."

humanbrainbytheyear,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.
Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—,'tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'tknowquitehowwedoit.
.
[A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction
[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry
[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork
[D]theelite'scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork
"gizmos"(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans________.
[A]programs
[B]experts
[C]devices
[D]creatures
,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan________.
[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery
[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally
[C]havealittlecommonsense
[D]respondindependentlytoachangingworld
,robotscanalso________.
[A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves
[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention
[C]improvefactoryenvironments
[D]cultivatehumancreativity
.
[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure
[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately
[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation
[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment
Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-1980,-digitinflationandglobal
?
,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.
,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.
Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-,(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,~%-,oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhichheavyindustryhasshifted—havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.
Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-'%,andin1979byalmost30%.
.
[A]globalinflation
[B]reductioninsupply
[C]fastgrowthineconomy
[D]Iraq'ssuspensionofexports
.
[A]priceofcruderises
[B]commoditypricesrise
[C]consumptionrises
[D]oiltaxesrise
.
[A]heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive
[B]incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices
[C]manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed
[D]oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP
.
[A]oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow
[B]inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks
[C]energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices
[D]thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry
.
[A]optimistic
[B]sensitive
[C]gloomy
[D]scared
TheSupremeCourt'sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.
Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect,"acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintends
onlythegoodeffect.
Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients'pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.
NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho"untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath."
GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath."It'slikesurgery,"hesays."Wedon'tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn'tintendtokilltheirpatients,'reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient'ssuicideaslongasyoudon'tintendtheirsuicide."
Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.
JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt'srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:"ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongand