词汇学 第八章 meaning and context.ppt

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MEANINGANDCONTEXT
speaker:李倩
12级英本4班
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CONTENTS


-linguisitccontext








ComprehensionofWordMeaning


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MAKE
Wemade
(“had”)a
goodbreakfast
beforeleaving.
Imade
(“earned”)
10,000yuan
amonth.
Theregulations
weremade
(“enacted”)
toprotect
children.
Linguisticcontext

Lexicalcontextreferstothelexicalitemscombinedwithagivenpolysemousword.
语言类语境
之词汇语境
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get+n.
get+adj.
meaning“toreceive”
meaning”tobecome”
Igotalettertoday.
He’sgettingbetter.
Ingrammaticalcontext,thesyntacticstructureofthecontextdeterminesvariousindividualmeaningsofapolysemousword.
语言类语境
之语法语境
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I
don’tgetyourpoint.
I
gotaletterfrommysister.
Theaboveexamplesshowthatthemeaningofawordoftenhastobedeterminedbythelexicalandgrammaticalcontextscombined.
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Inadditiontolexical,andgrammaticalcontext,theverbalcontext,initsbroadestsense,maycoveranentirepassage,orevenanentirebook,andinsomecaseseventheentiresocialorculturalsetting,asstatedatthebeginningofthechapter.
Thecompletesignificanceofanimportanttermcanoftenbegraspedonlyinthelightofthewholepassageoroftheworkasawhole.
语言类语境
之共文现象
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-linguisitccontext
1.)Situationalcontext(情景语境)
Indifferentsituations(time,place,etc.),thesameutterancemayhavedifferentmeanings.
[OR:Themeaningofawordisdeterminedbythespeechsituationinwhichthewordused.]
“It’sadifficultoperation.”(文化语境)
Operation------操作,经营,手术,运算
Itmightmeanasurgicaloperationperformedonhumanbeing.
Orafinancialtransaction,orsomethingrelatedtomathematics…
Thewordmeaningismoreoftendependentontheactualsituationinwhichawordisused.
语言外语境
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-linguisitccontext
2.)Culturalcontext
Indifferentcultures,thesamelexicaltermmaynotmeanthesamethingtopeopleofdifferentculturebackgrounds.
[CV:Connotativemeaning内涵意义]
Differencesofwordmeaningduetoculturaldifferences.
GullChinese:鸥
English:笨人,易受骗之人
语言外语境
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.
Place
’syourbirthplace?


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ofaword
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