Chapter 18
ines
疫苗
Passive immunization (1)
The preformed antibodies are transferred to a recipient is called passive immunization.
Passive immunization occurs naturally by transfer of maternal antibodies across the placenta胎盘to the developing fetus.
Maternal antibodies present in colostrum初乳and milk can provide passive immunity to the infant
These maternal antibodies are listed as following:
Diphtheria白喉
Tetanus破伤风
us链球菌
Rubeola麻疹
Rubella风疹
Mumps腮腺炎
poliovirus脊髓灰质炎病毒
Passive immunization (2)
Passive immunization can also be achieved by injecting a recipient with preformed antibodies, such as injecting animal sera, usually horse serum.
Passive immunization can also be gained from poisonous snake and insect bites.
Passive immunization does not activate the immune system. It does not generate memory response. It only provide transient protection.
Passive immunization provides immediate protection to travelers who soon be exposed to an anism and lack active immunity to it.
Risks in passive immunization (3)
The recipient can have a strong response to the isotypic同型determinants of the foreign antibody.
Some individuals produce IgE antibody specific for determinants on the injected antibody.
plexes of theis IgE bound to the passive antibody can mediate systemic mast cell degranulation.
Others produce IgG or IgM antibodies specific for the foreign antibody leading to hypersensitive reactions (allergy).
Active immunization
Active immunization is to elicit protective immunity and immunologic memory.
Active immunization can be achieved by:
Natural infection with a anism
Artificially by administration of a ine
In active immunization, proliferation of antigen-reactive T and B cells results in the formation of memory cells.
ine: a preparation of antigenic material used to induce immunity against anisms
Antigen-Non-specific and specific cells
Specific cells include CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc or CTL) and cytokine-secreting CD4 TH cells.
B cells produce antibodi
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