工程造价师报考条件.docx

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工程造价师报考条件
工程造价 施工 过程 操纵
Abstract: the engineering cost management and control of engineering economic and social economic development to have the important meaning, this article mainly from the design and construction in two stages, and the cost of the project of each stage in the analysis of existing problems, and puts forward corresponding respectively management measures.
　　
　　Keywords: cost control, the design stage, stage of construction, analysis
　　
　　Along with the market economy and the establishment of development, the cost of the project management and research has caused the attention of the project management, engineering cost effective management greatly promote the realization of the target of the enterprise efficiency and good social and economic order builds. Engineering project cost is to through the special pricing program to currency index of engineering project planning said from the completion acceptance of all the floorboard of the construction cost.
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　　The process of project construction is a long period and large quantity and phases management process, the design phase of the cost control is the whole construction project cost management is the key link, and cost control of construction stage, and the difficulties of the construction project cost control, in order to meet the project cost control and management of the need, we from the engineering design and engineering construction stage to do a cost were analyzed and discussed, the hope can be helpful to practice.
　　
　　Is the soul of the engineering design, advanced technology, reasonable economy is the design of project construction shorten the construction period, saving investment, improve efficiency important segment. Design phase of the cost management of the whole project cost control of playing the key role.
　　
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　　A. Meet the design phase cost management problems and phenomena analysis:
　　
　　1. Quite a number of design department is not to approved can study as sex the design basis of, but according to the requirements of the blind construction unit, any expand the scale of development, increase construction contents to make preliminary design budgetary estimate more than the feasibility study of the examination and approval serious investment estimation.
　　
　　2. Many project plan issued late, the construction unit to completed as soon as possible, take the design side edge to the construction, because design hasty, depth, not, cause construction difficulty, and construction process change constantly, so that the design and construction drawing budget estimates out larger, cause construction drawing budget than design budgetary estimate.
　　
　　3. Design of overweight phenomenon exists, design do not take the economic control effect. Many design department design investment is too big, not by quota design, ignore the engineering cost control, too much pursuit in architectural design, process and modelling planning etc, any increase decoration standard, blind pursue high-grade, the design cost exceeds bid.
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　　4. In actual work, because design department and design personnel professional quality uneven, and the different level of design scheme and design department estimates the difference is very big, the cost of the project has greater effect.
　　
　　2. To design phase of the cost management and control, is the whole project cost management and control of the key link, the need to cause our attention. How well the design phase of the cost management, we put forward the following several methods for analysis:
　　
　　1. The design personnel should strictly to report on the feasibility of examination and approval as design basis.
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　　2. According to the preliminary design of accounted. According to the working drawing design of construction drawing budget. According to estimation budget control should, according to the budget control the budget and to ensure engineering function in the precondition of professional distribution according to each cost limit. Otherwise, we must analyze the reason of the investment breakthrough, and modify the design, make the investment control in within limits.
　　
　　3. The design not only heavy technology and light on the economy. To do well the design scheme of technical and economic comparison, to ensure the effective control of the construction cost. Do more than is scheme optimization design optimization, and strive to adopt new technology new process, reduce the cost of projects.
　　
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　　Design as far as possible on the contradiction of technology and economy, and to dissolve, seeking the best combination point.
　　
　　3. Stage of construction cost management is very important, most of the construction funds are in this phase, each a change or other factors change, can bring the cost of the major changes. So have to pay attention to the construction stage of cost management. First we need to know at this stage of the project construction cost the problems existing in the management:
　　
　　1. Some construction enterprise in project construction process, in order to the enterprise or individual interests, through the high set of quota, repeated computation quantity, use the excuse of change of design, construction and empty to add content, increase the engineering costs, to make the economy suffer losses. In planning construction scheme, regardless of the cost, or lack of money to save and management consciousness. In addition, because of the raw material supply and the construction unit construction schedule don"t join the loss caused by work stoppage or slowdown, in project construction process is ongoing, and caused serious damage.
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　　2. The construction unit as construction of the organizer and managers in the settlement aspects examine lax, some construction unit, most of the lack of personnel management a construction project experience, not for effective control of engineering settlement.
　　
　　3. In the equipment purchase material supply, poor organization, and in the middle of circulation too much, not too reasonable purchase cost, increase the project cost.

　　4. Construction enterprise management is weak, no cause for construction management enough attention, in construction process of budget without reasonable construction, construction technique obsolescence, at the same time, the construction enterprise internal control system is lax, lost the waste is serious, the last loss to the different channels all passed on to the construction project. Construction project mismanagement, cause was long construction period, make the project loan interest and administrative expenses and various expense increases accordingly.
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　　Four. Construction stage is the largest investment intensity a stage, the stage investment objective is very clear, and cost management is often the most difficult at this stage. Project construction phase of the cost management measures analysis:
　　
　　1. Adopt organizational measures: (1) in project management from cost management in the implementation of the construction Angle tracking the personnel, the task division and function diversity; Prepare the project cost management plan and detailed work flowchart.
　　
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　　(2) must strengthen the construction contract function, forbid the construction unit of the subcontract works task force. Engineering construction and materials equipment should be mainly by the contracting units responsible for purchasing, strengthen the acceptance, is likely to affect the engineering quality and function of material equipment, contracting units shall have the right to refuse to use.
　　
　　2. The contract management measures: (1) cost management personnel must do engineering change records, keep good technical and economic data, especially the relevant data and change; Cost management personnel should prompt understanding of the contract modification, the content of the supplement, focused on the attention and cost management relevant changes.
　　
　　(2) signed a contract closely, through the contract to regulate the rights and obligations of the two contracting parties and responsibility, make daily construction and matters can rule-based, prevent between each other of the delay time limit, that had the construction cost increase; And then in strict accordance with the design and construction, any one party may not arbitrarily require modified design; Claim cost management personnel should be serious when review claims, the contents of the claim and money.
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　　3. Enterprise management measures: (1) prepared using the capital plan, sure, decomposition of cost management goals. In the engineering project cost target risk analysis, develop countermeasures; In the construction of cost tracking management, regular comparison and analysis the reason produces deviation, take correction measures.
　　
　　(2) to strengthen internal management, improve economic accounting, reduce the cost of projects. To strengthen the management of the engineering change, engineering change to the completion of the project on schedule and cost have certain effect, the more change, the greater the effect, therefore in the construction stage must control engineering change, do not get optional improve the design standards, and shall not be arbitrarily increase the project, must strictly according to the procedures to prevent result in project cost control consequences.