42大学英语.docx

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Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:In this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short Howessay Ca entitled We Encourage Students’ Creativity? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
     1 学生的创造力逐渐被磨灭，我们需要正视这个问题
     2 如何提高学生的创造力，方法包括…… 
     3 做出总结，坚持提高学生的创造力
 (1) It’s fairly well-known that creativity is one of the most important elements as a student in modern society. Without creativity, new knowledge will never be learned.(It is creativity that
helps students put theories into practical use and thus inspire the establishment of new theories .) But today, many illustrations show that the Chinese students are less creative than before. We must find out measures to encourage creativity in order to make students have a bright and hopeful future. 
To beginwith, students‟ curiosity should be encouraged by every means. If students are curious, they will be more interested in learning and researching. In other words, they should be
encouraged to seek out and practice new things and ideasFurthermore. , ideas of students should be exchanged in an active atmosphere. It‟s necessary to let students learn from each other. (2) What’s more, students should be taught to ask questions and investigate when things do not make sense and more practical experiments should be conducted by students after class. Lack of practice, thinking becomes useless. Creativity can be promoted by encouraging students to think for themselves. 
After all, encouraging creativity would take a long period to make the best  (3) should take pains to fire (stimulate) students‟ creativity not only in schools, but also in our daily life. 
PartⅡ Reading Comprehension(Skimmingand Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you have 15 minutesto go over the passagequicklyand answerthe questions on Answer Sheet 1. for question—7, choose s 1 the best answer form the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions—10, 8complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Laughter's Link to Health Mayin Bethe Blood According to the Bible, “A merry heart doeth good like a medicine.” Now, modern science
may be validating that Old Testament proverb-- a good laugh may actually help fend off heart
attacks and strokes.  
“We believe laughing is good for your health,” said Michael Miller of the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore, who led the research. “And we think we have evidence to show why that's the case .”
    A growing body of other evidence has suggested that negative emotions, particularly depression and stress, can be harmful, making people more prone to illness, more likely to experience suffering from their ailments and less likely to recover as quickly, or Oneat all recent. study even found sudden emotional shock can trigger life-threatening heart symptoms that many 
doctors mistake for a classic heart attack. Miller himself, along with his colleagues, had done a
study that found people who have a negative reaction to social situations tend to be more prone to
heart disease.  
But far less has been done to examine whether positive emotions can reduce the risk and
complications of illness. 
“The focus is always on the negative aspects," he said.” We thought,Why „ not look at the
opposite?‟ ”  
So they decided to examine the ability of blood vessels to expandPoor. expansion of blood
vessels can increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes by making the passageways prone to
being blocked, cutting off vital blood flow . 
The researchers asked 20 healthy men and women to watch clips of two movies -- either the
violent opening battle scene in the 1998 film “Saving Private Ryan” or a humorous scene from a
comedy, such as the 1996 “Kingpin .”
The researchers tested thesubjects‟ ability of blood vessels to expand, before and after the
movie, by constricting and releasing an artery in their arms withblood a pressure cuff(血压袖带) and then usingultrasound（超声波）to measure how the blood vessels were functioning . 
The researchers discovered striking differences depending on which movie the volunteers had watched. Blood flow was significantly reduced in 14 of the 20 volunteers who saw the stressful film. In contrast, blood flow markedly increased in 19 of the 20 volunteers after watching the funny movie, the researchers reported last week at a meeting of the American College of Cardiology in Orlando. 
Overall, blood flow decreased by about 35 percent after experiencing stress but increased 22 percent after laughter -- an improvement equivalent to that produced by a 15- to 30-minute workout.  
“It was a pretty dramatic difference,” Miller said . 
Previous research has indicated that stress hormones may be the primary cause by which negative emotions harm health. When a person is under stress, the body produces hormones. That is designed to prime the body for a fight or a flight, but the hormones can have detrimental effects on the body, including suppressing the immune system and constricting blood vessels . 
Miller and his colleagues suggest a possible explanationthat laughter may have a contrasting effect, causing the body to release other natural chemicals, such as pleasure-producing chemicals that may counteract the effects of stress hormones and cause blood vessels to become wider. 
The researchers acknowledge there is a long way from proving their assumptions or fully understanding the process, but they say the theory makes sense . 
“Conceivably,  when  you  laugh  you  send  a  signal  to  the  brain  to  release  these pleasure-producing chemicals, and these may activate receptors to release other chemicals, which is known to make blood vessel wider,” Miller said . 
“Laughter may also use similar mechanisms to help boost the immune system and reduce the
amount of inflammation 发(炎，炎症)  in the body, which has been linked to an increased risk of a host of health problems,” said Lee Berk, an associate professor of health promotion and education who studies laughter at Loma Linda University in California . 
“Laughter is not dissimilar from exercise,” Berk said. “It's not going to cure someone from stage three cancers, but in terms of prevention it does make sense. In a sense, we have our own apothecary on our shoulders. Positive emotions such as laughter affect your biology .”
Other researchers said the findings add new insight into the interplay of emotions and health .  “This is just the latest example of the importance of the mind-body relationship,” said
Herbert Benson, who studies emotions and health at Harvard Medical School. “This shows that we have to look not only towards how to reduce stress but how we can elicit positive feelings, as well.”  
Heart specialists agreed. 
“We‟ve known that there‟s an association between state of mind and the health of the heart and blood vessels,” said Stuart Seides, associate director of cardiology at Washington Hospital Center. “This type of study gives us a peek into the mechanism .”
Robert Provine, a University of Maryland psychologist who also studies laughter, was somewhat more cautious. “It remains unclear etherwh the act of laughter was really at work in the
movie-watching volunteers, since the researchers did not actually measure how much they laughed.” he said. 
“The results could be the result of just the act of watching the movie. Or maybe it's just the 
act of engaging in something interesting that doesn't cause stress,” Provine said.  Miller acknowledged he has no way to know for sure that laughing per se produced the effect
he measured.  
“Is it laughing or just feeling good? We don't know at this timeut. clearlyB laughter is an
active process, and probably a good belly laugh will be better than just smiling. I think this active
process helps release pleasureproducing- chemicals,” he said . 
Provine, despite his doubts about the study, is all for laughter. “I strongly recommend
laughter, based on the fact that a life of laughter is better than one without it,” Provine said. “It
feels better when you do it .”
Miller envisions a timewhen doctors might recommend that everyone get 15 to 20 minutes
of laughter a day in the same way they recommend at least 30 minutes of daily exercise . 
“Wouldn‟t it be ironic if it turns out that laughing 15 to 20 minutes a day would be added as
part of overall good health habits, like running?” Miller asked . 
He added that he would not recommend that people replace their daily trips to the gym with a
Marx Brothers movie, but they could consider adding activities that make them  laugh. 
“There‟s no downside that I know of to laughing,” Miller said. “Based on these results, I am
happy to recommend laughing to my patients. 
1 The statement “A merry heart doeth good like a medicine”is used to prove that ___________. 
P1
A) TheOld Testamentproverb is already out of date
B) A good laugh may act ally benefit our health. 
C) We should read theBibleinstead of taking medicine. 
D) We should keep a good feeling when we read Bible the. 
2. By saying “Why not look at the opposite?” Michael Miller and his colleagues meant to
\5
A) study whether positive emotions can reduce illness. 
B) examine the ability of blood vessels to expand
C) focus on the negative aspects and neglect the opposite ones
D) measure how the blood vessels are functioning
3. Why did Michael Miller ask 20 healthy men and women to watch the film “Saving Private Ryan” and “Kingpin”? P7
A) They reported at a meeting of the American College of Cardiology. 
B) They focus on the effects of the negative emotions on health. 
C) He wanted to use the two films to make the subjects relax. 
D) They were two different films to help them finish the research. 
4. According to Michael Miller,  volunteers who  watched the  film  “Saving  Private  Ryan” felt________P9
A) discouraged       B) depressed      C) puzzled    D) delighted
5. According toLee Berk, laughter may alsouse similar mechanisms to ________P16
A) make a reduced risk of a lot of health problems
B) help boost the immune system and reduce the inflammation
C) cure someone from stage three cancers and do preventions D) release chemicals to make blood vessels become wider
6.  Herbert Benson ,who studies emotions and health at Harvard Medical School, believe that
________. P19
A) There is no importance of the mind-body relationship. 
B) We only have to look towards how to reduce stress. 
C) We have to find out how we can produce positive feelings. 
D) The findings add new insights into the interplay of emotions and health.  7.  Robert Provine was somewhat more cautious 
A) The researchers did careless measurement. 
B) It couldn‟t be the result of watching the movie .
C) There was something interesting that caused stress. 
D) There was still something unclear in the research. 
8. It remains unclear whether the act of laughter was really at work in the movie-watching volunteers, since the researchers did not do an  measurement
9. Miller believes that probably a good belly laugh will be better than just smiling because
__________helps release pleasure-producing chemicals. P25 an active process
10. Miller imagines a time when doctors might recommend everyone get 15 to 20 minutes of laughter a day just as they recommend_______________ of daily exercise. P4 backward: at least
30 minutes 
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
for each blank