time from hearing aid candidacy to hearing aid adoption a longitudinal cohort study annie n. simpson论文.pdf

该【time from hearing aid candidacy to hearing aid adoption a longitudinal cohort study annie n. simpson论文 】是由【小舍儿】上传分享，文档一共【9】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【time from hearing aid candidacy to hearing aid adoption a longitudinal cohort study annie n. simpson论文 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。TimeFromHearingAidCandidacytoHearingAidAdoption:,1,,2ChristyCassarly,,2Objectives:AlthoughmanyindividualswithhearinglosscouldbenefitINTRODUCTIONfrominterventionwithhearingaids,-monchronichealthcon-basedevidenceestimatingthedelayinadoptionofhearingaidswithditions,especiallyamongolderadults,affecting≈(anization2017).Moststudyisthefirsttoassesstimefromhearingaidcandidacytoadop-individualswithhearinglosscouldbenefitfrominterventiontionina28-yearongoingprospectivecohortofolderadults,withthewithservicesandtechnologies(includinghearingaidsandadditionalgoalofdeterminingfactorsinfluencingdelaysinhearingaidotherdevices).However,manypeopledonotseekhelporadoption,andself-:Aspartofalongitudinalstudyofage-relatedhearingloss,awidearesult,manymiddle-agedandolderadultsliveforyearsandrangeofdemographic,biologic,andauditorymeasuresareobtainedyearlyevendecadeswithuntreatedhearinglossandthenegativecon-orevery2to3yearsfromalargesampleofadults,alongwithfamily,medi-,thosecal,hearing,noiseexposure,(age≥18;N=1530),857wereidentifiedashearingaidcan-,delayingdiagnosisdidateseitheratbaselineorduringtheirparticipation,usingaudiometricandtreatmentmayrequiremoreadvancedinterventionsashear---relatedcharac-Tounderstandhelp-(inyears)tohearingaidadoptionandacuteandchronichealthconditions,healthresearchershaveestimateddelaytimeswerestratifiedbydemographicandhearing-relatedfocusedonawiderangeofapproachestoidentifyfactorsasso-2018factorsandweredeterminedusingatime-to-eventanalysis(survivalanal-,hearinghealthcareysis).-seekingResults:Age,numberofchronichealthconditions,sex,retirementsta-delays(,2016;Amlani2016)withthegoaltus,,adoptersweremorelikelythanAlthoughwidelyassumedandreported,thereislittledata-nonadopterstobemarried,ofwhiterace,havehighersocioeconomicbasedevidencethatestimatesthelengthoftreatmentdelaystatus,havesignificantlypoorerhigherfrequency(,,,,?kHz)pure-toneaverages,--talkerbabble,andreportedmorehearinghandicapontheto20years,thefewavailablestudieshavesignificantlimita-HearingHandicapInventoryfortheElderly/Adultsemotionalandsocialtions,includinglackoflongitudinal,population-basedsamples;-agedadults;(SE±;inter-contributionsofage,sex,hearing,andhealth-or-quartilerange=–)withstatisticallysignificantstratifica-tionforrace,hearingasmeasuredbylow-andhigh-frequencypure-tonebidities().Longitudinaldata-basedevidenceisaverages,keywordrecognitioninlow-contextsentencesinbabble,andneededtoestimatethedurationoftreatmentdelay,itscontribut-theHearingHandicapInventoryfortheElderly/,,%--Conclusions:Theaveragedelayinadoptinghearingaidsafterhearingardsmodeling,-(inamoredifficulttask)significantlyincreasedthedelaytotreat-hazardsmodelingisatypeoftime-to--assessedhearinghandicapinsocialanalysis,monlyusedinmedicalandepidemio-,inthiscasehearingaidadoption,andtoidentifyfac-:hearingaidadoption,longitudinal,treatmentdelaywasdeterminedlongitudinallybyspeechreceptionthresholds(Ear&Hearing2018;XX;00–00)(SRTs)orpure-hresholds,andadoptionwasdeterminedfromaself-,thegoalofthepresentstudywastoestimate1DepartmentofHealthcareLeadershipandManagement,MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina,Charleston,SouthCarolina,USA;and2Departmentofdelaysintimefromhearingaidcandidacytohearingaidadop-Otolaryngology-HeadandNeckSurgery,paredemographicandhearing-relatedfactorsforCarolina,Charleston,SouthCarolina,-00/0?Ear&Hearing?Copyright?2018WoltersKluwerHealth,??2018WoltersKluwerHealth,.<zdoi;>al/EAR&HEARING,,,00–00andwhen,anddeterminefactorsthatinfluencedelaysinadop-DepartmentofLabor,BureauofLaborStatistics2013)-ofage-(MUSC).(EEOC)().TodividetheEEOC’scategoriesintoSESproxygroupsMATERIALSANDMETHODSforanalysis,upationalClassifica-ategoriesfor1122jobtitleswereobtainedfromSubjectSampletheBureauofLaborStatistics(,BureauTheprotocolsforthisstudywereapprovedbytheInstitu-ofLaborStatistics2015).:age-relatedhearinglossthatbeganin1987atMUSC,adults18High(Executive/SeniorOfficialsandManagers;First/Mid-Levelyearsandolder,ingoodgeneralhealth,wererecruitedthroughOfficialsandManagers;Professionals),Mid(Technicians;-Workers;AdministrativeSupportWorkers;CraftWorkers),andviouslyinLeeetal.(2005),Matthewsetal.(1997),andDubnoLow(Operatives;LaborsandHelpers;ServiceWorkers).Stu-etal.(1995).Exclusioncriteriaincludedevidenceofconduc-dentsandthosereportingbeingunemployedorunabletoworktivehearingloss,activeotologic/neurologicdisease,orsignifi-,upationorbytheirspouse’-frequencypure-hresh-upationor,upa-olds,speechrecognitionmeasuresinquietandnoise,middletionnotknown,wereclassifiedasunknownalongwithothersearmeasurements,otoacousticemissions,,clinicalbloodchemistries,andacognitivetestbat-Asanindicationofgeneralhealth,percent“yes”-assessmentquestionnairesincludedmedicalandfam-werecalculatedfor55questionsfromtheparticipant’sself-ilyhistories,hearinghealthhistory(),anddemographichistory(ethnicity/race,sex,conditionswereselectedforanalysis:arthritisandorthopediceducationlevel,maritalstatus,upation).Foranalysis,issues(76%),hypertension(43%),heartdisease(18%),short-educationlevelwascategorizedaseducation≤12yearsoredu-nessofbreath(18%),diabetes(14%),thyroiddisease(14%),cation>(13%),andchestpainorangina(13%).Thearthritisandnotmarried(widowed,separated,divorced,orsingle).Racewasorthopedicissuesvariableincludedthefollowingconditions:dividedintowhiteandnonwhite(98%wereAfricanAmerican).arthritis,backinjury,backacheorlegpain,foottroublesorbadConventionalpure-,kneeissues,shoulderissues,neckinjury,swollenjoints,pletionofthetestbattery,-annuallytoobtainupdatedmedicalandhearinghealthhisto-rosisrankedhigh,theywereexcludedasbothquestionsdidnotries,updateddemographicinformation,(.,cataracts,)orprediseasestates(.,osteopenia).ThetotalnumberHearingaidcandidacywasdefinedasSRT≥30dBHL(eitherofchronichealthconditions(range0to8)wasthencalculatedear)?kHz≥40dBHL(eitherear).Ifforeachparticipant().theSRTwasmissing,candidacywasdeterminedbythepure-toneaverage(PTA;,,?kHz)≥30dBHL(eitherear).Fromalleligibleparticipants(age≥18;N=1530),Procedures857participantswereidentifiedashearingaidcandidateseitheratAllaudiometrictesting,includingconventionalpure-hresholdsandwordrecognitioninquietandnoise,wasneverbeinghearingaidcandidatesthroughouttheirparticipationmeasuredwitheitheraMadsenOB822oraMadsenOB922(Fig.?1).Ofthe857individualsidentifiedashearingaidcandi-clinicalaudiometer(OtometricsA/S,Taastrup,Denmark)cali-dates,wedeterminedwhoadoptedhearingsaidsandeliminatedbratedtoappropriateAmericanNationalStandardsInstitutethoseparticipantswhohadenteredthestudywithhearingaidsstandards(AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute1969,1989,(N=125)duetolackoftimedata(Fig.?1).Tocalculatethetime1996,2004,2010)andequippedwithTDH-39headphonestoadoption,yearofhearingaidadoptionwasconvertedtoafull(TelephonicsCorporation,Farmingdale,NY)-,mendedbytheAmericanSpeech-Language-parisongroupsofhearingaidcandidates,thosewhoHearingAssociation(2005).Wordrecognitionscoresinquietneveradoptedhearingaids(n=514)andthosewhoadoptedhear-wereobtainedusingAuditecrecordings(Auditec,Incorpo-ingaidswhiletheywereinthestudy(n=218;Fig.?1).Inaddition,rated,,MO)oftheNorthwesternUniversityAudi-(NU-6)25-itemwordlistspresentedat30toclassifiedas“essful”or“essful”users,basedonself-40dBSLre:-6listwasusedforeachreport,thatis,(SES)proxywasdeterminedbyclas-inNoise(SPIN)Test(Bilger1984).Eachlistconsistsof25sifyingeachparticipant’upationusingthe2010Standardhigh-context(semanticandsyntacticinformation)and25low-OccupationalClassificationsystemasdescribedbytheUnitedcontext(syntacticinformation)sentencespresentedinmulti-StatesDepartmentofLabor,BureauofLaborStatistics(?2018WoltersKluwerHealth,&HEARING,,,00–(χ2testforcategoricalvariablesandttestSLrelativetotheparticipant’scalculatedbabblethreshold,forcontinuousvariables).Second,weestimatedtheunadjustedwithbabblepresentedata+8dBsignal-to-noiseratio(SNR)timetohearingaidadoption(event)usingatime-to-event(Bilger1984).IftheinitialpresentationleveloftheSPINanalysis(survivalanalysis)andestimatedtheoveralltimefortablyloud,thelevelwasreducedtoa(inyears)tohearingaidadoptionand