temperature stability of nanocellulose dispersions 2017 ellinor b. heggset资料.pdf

该【temperature stability of nanocellulose dispersions 2017 ellinor b. heggset资料 】是由【小舍儿】上传分享，文档一共【8】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【temperature stability of nanocellulose dispersions 2017 ellinor b. heggset资料 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。CarbohydratePolymers157(2017)114–121ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectCarbohydratePolymersjournalhomepage:ate/carbpolTemperaturestabilityofnanocellulosedispersionsaaa,b,?,GaryChinga-Carrasco,KristinSyverudaPaperandFibreResearchInstitute(PFI),H?gskoleringen6b,NO-7491Trondheim,NorwaybNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology(NTNU),DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,NO-7491Trondheim,NorwayarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:F)havepotentialasrheologymodi?ersofwaterbased?uids,?uidsReceived14July2016foruseinoilwellsorasadditivesininjectionwaterforenhancedoilrecovery(EOR).ThetemperatureinReceivedinrevisedform7September2016?oilwellscanbehigh(>100C),andtheretentiontimelong;daysfordrilling?uidsandmonthsforEORAccepted24September2016?,itisimportanttoassessthetemperaturestabilityovertimeofnanocellulosedispersionstoAvailableonline25September2016clarifytheirsuitabilityasrheologymodi?ersofwaterbased?,byusingTEMPOmediatedoxidationandbyusingcarboxymethylationaspoundsstudiedinthisarticle:pretreatment,C),(PubChemCID:?23665760);cesiumformateandsodiumformateincreasedtheSodiumchlorite(PubChemCID:23668197)Sodiumformate(PubChemCID:2723810)temperaturestabilityofthedispersions,(PubChemCID:23663999)?(PubChemCID:7362)Hydroxymethylfurfural(PubChemCID:237332)Keywords:Cellulosenano?brilsCellulosenanocrystalsRheologyTemperaturestabilityDrilling?(Saito,Nishiyama,Putaux,Vignon,&Isogai,2006)andmildcarboxymethylation(W?gbergetal.,2008).(Klemmetal.,2011).CNCisproducedbyhydrolyzingtheamorphouspartsofWood-prisetwomaingroups,,followedbyremovaloftheresidualF)C).Disin-acidsandimpurities,andsonicationforseparationofthecrystalsFwas?rstdescribedbyTurbak,(Brinchi,Cotana,Fortunati,&Kenny,2013;Dong,Revol,&Gray,Snyder,andSandberg(1983)andHerrick,Casebier,Hamilton,1998;Habibi,Lucia,&Rojas,2010;Lin,Huang,&Dufresne,2012;andSandberg(1983)usingconventionalhomogenizationofwoodR?nby,1951).?rstSincethen,biningchemicalpretreat-patentsinthebeginningofthe1980’s(Turbak,Snyder,&Sandberg,mentwithmechanicaldisintegrationhavebeenintroduced,,1985).Applicationsinfood,emulsions,cosmeticsandin?u-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxylradical(TEMPO)-,,duringthelastyears,breakthroughs?intheproductionofnanocellulosehavebeenachievedandtheCorrespondingauthorat:PaperandFibreResearchInstituteAS(PFI),H?gskoleringen6b,NO-7491Trondheim,Trondheim,(Henriksson,Tel.:+,Berglund,&Lindstrom,2007;P??kk?etal.,2007).Thus,E-mailaddresses:ellinor.******@p?.no(),.******@p?.no(-Carrasco),kristin.******@p?.no().http://dx./.-8617/?./CarbohydratePolymers157(2017)114–?uids/F,F,,samplesofxanthanandguargumwerealsoRheologyisimportantinseveral?uidsusedintheoil?eldindus-,?uidsandinchemical?oodingforenhancedoilraisetemperaturestabilityofxanthanbyactingasafree-radicalrecovery(EOR).po-,theeffectofusingcesiumandsodiumformatenentstomodifytherheology,(CMC),asadditivesonthethermalstabilityofnanocellulosedispersionsguargumandxanthangum(Caenn&Chillingar,1996).,bufferatneutralpHwasaddedtotemperatureandhighpressureconditions(HTHP),?ersdonotperformadequately,astheirviscos-position(Chang,1978;Thomas,2008).Additionally,thealternativesyn-.-(Abidin,Puspasari,&Nugroho,2012;Zhu,Wei,Wang,&Feng,C)usedinthisstudywerepur-2014).However,duetoenvironmentalconcernsassociatedwithchasedfromtheUniversityofMaine(seebelow).Thecesiumthesechemicals,theuseisprohibitedbymanycountries(Force,formatesolutionwaskindlyprovidedbyCabotCorporation2011).(Howard,Kaminski,&Downs,2015).?,Zhu,Baez,Kitin,?Never-driedsoftwoodbleachedpulp?breswereusedastheandElder,(2016),(producedusingconventionalconcentratedsulfuricacid??rstqualitywasproducedusingamechanicalpretreatment,)?inmill(1000kWh/tonfor1h;F).Produc-experimentwasdoneindrystateandwithnitrogenatmospheretionofthesecondqualitywasperformedusingTEMPOmediated(al.,2016)Inanotherstudy,degradationtemperatureoxidation(F),asdescribedbySaitoandcolleaguesinof?brilsproducedbyTEMPO-pared2006(Saitoetal.,2006).,alsousingnitro-?cantly??substitutedcarboxymethylationaspre-treatment(F)paredto275C(W?gbergetal.,2008).The?brillationwasdonebyusingaRanniefornativecellulose(Fukuzumi,Saito,Okita,&Isogai,2010).×homogenizer(APV,SPXFlowTechnology,Silke-TEMPO-oxidizedmaterial,the?brillationprocessitselfhasbeenborg,Denmark),,theTEMPOoxi-(Johnson,Zink-Sharp,Renneckar,&Glasser,2009).dizedqualityafter1passandthecarboxymethylatedqualityafterInindustrialapplicationslikedrilling?uidsorforEOR,,,thermo-beforehomogenizationwas1%.gravimetricanalyses(TGA)thatareperformedindrystateandC;%)wereprocuredfromatmospherewithoutoxygenhaslimitedrelevanceasotherdegra-theUniversityofMaine(Orono,USA).Thematerialwasmanufac-’sCelluloseNano-MaterialsPilotPlantCarbohydratepolymerslikexanthanandcarboxymethylcelluloseattheForestProductsLaboratory(FPL;Madison,Wisconsin).Theareusedindrilling?(64%)toHowever,inoilreservoirsacid,alkaliandredoxreactionscanhydrolyzetheamorphousregionsofthecellulosematerial,produc-(Dongetal.,1998).,asdescribedbySaitoandIsogai(Saito&range(pH6–8),andacidhydrolysisisprobablyofminorimpor-Isogai,2004),usinganautomatictitrator(Metrohm902Titrando).?Thecarboxylatecontentwascalculatedfromthetitrationcurveandrequirestemperaturesabove150C(Kleppe,1970;Rydholm,(Granplot).Thisanalysiswasalsodoneafteroxidationofaldehyde1955).Itisthuslikelythatradical,oxidative/reductivedepolymer-groupstocarboxylgroupswithNaClOinordertoestimatetheization(ORD)reactionsareresponsibleforpolymerdegradationat2?(DP):,-beforethehomogenizationofthepre-treatedpulp?:DP=[?],[?]istheintrinsicviscosity(Sihtola,Kyrklund,Laamanen,-&Palenius,1963).position(Wellington,SEMimagingwasperformedwithaHitachiscanningelec-1983).po-tronmicroscope(SEM,SU3500),(withvulnerableinthisrespectduetotheirstructureinwhichthecellu-NanoscopeVcontroller),(peakforcetappingmode),～../CarbohydratePolymers157(2017)114–121?Table1beforeheating(20C):-ordingtothefollowingEq.(1):SamplecodeNanocellulosequality/polymerAdditivegreyleveliColor-change:1?×100(1)FNoneagreylevelcF-FNa-FormateaF-FCs-FormateWheregreylevelicorrespondstothegreylevelof?lmiandgreylevelcF-FPhosphatebuffercorrespondstothegreylevelofthecontrol?-a-FormateaCNC-s-FormateCNC--FNa-Formatehedegradationproductsafterheataging,F-FNa-Formateultraviolet–visible(UV–vis)spectroscopywasperformedonXanthanXanthangumNonenanocellulosedispersionswithandwithoutsodiumformateasXanthan-NaXanthangumNa-Formate?additive,-GuarGuargumNonepleswerecentrifugedtoremoveprecipitates,andthesupernatantGuar-NaGuargumNa-,(resultsnotshown)(HMF)arewellknowndegradationproductsfrompentosesandhexosesrespec-(Dunlop,1948),-Inordertoassessthetemperaturestabilityofthenanocellulosematetheamountsoffurfural/HMF(inmg/mL).Areferencesampledispersions,theywereheatedtotemperaturesrangingfrom110?ofsodiumformatewasalsoanalyzed,anditwasveri?edthatitto150Cinairatmosphere,%wasusedinallexperimentsasthisisarelevantconcentrationfordrilling??,?on,-301(AntonPaarGmbH,Graz,Austria),usingtheRheoPlussoftware,aspreviously?(Iotti,Gregersen,Moe,&Lenes,2011).ThePhysicainternalandanexternalgauge,andthereactiontimewasstartedMCR-%?Cdispersionswastestedand(P-PTD200/62/TG),,-Aco