sandstone-filled normal faults a case study from central california giuseppe palladino文献.pdf

该【sandstone-filled normal faults a case study from central california giuseppe palladino文献 】是由【小舍儿】上传分享，文档一共【16】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【sandstone-filled normal faults a case study from central california giuseppe palladino文献 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..JournalofStructuralGeology110(2018)86–101ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectJournalofStructuralGeologyjournalhomepage:ate/jsgSandstone-?llednormalfaults:AcasestudyfromcentralCaliforniaTGiuseppePalladinoa,?,,??,AntonioGrippaa,GustavoZvirtesa,RuyPauloPhillipb,AndrewHurstaaDepartmentofGeologyandPetroleumGeology,SchoolofGeosciences,UniversityofAberdeen,Aberdeen,UKbDepartamentodeMineralogiaePetrologia,UniversidadeFederaldoRioGrandedoSul,PortoAlegre,RioGrandedoSul,BrazilARTICLEINFOABSTRACTKeywords:Despitethepotentialofsandstone-?llednormalfaultstosigni?cantlyin?uence?uidtransmissivitywithinre-Sandstone-?llednormalfaultservoirsandtheshallowcrust,,forcefullyintrudedSandstoneintrusionsalongnormalfaultzones,markedlyenhancesthetransmissivityoffaultsand,ingeneral,theconnectivitybe-,weprovideadetailedoutcropdescriptionandinterpretationofGreatValleysequencesandstone-?llednormalfaultsfromdi?,cmtodmwideapertures,poorly-developedfaultzonesandfullorpartialsandin?,weproposeageneralclassi?cationthatde?nestwomaintypesofsandstone-?-consolidatedsandstonefollowingasigni?cant,rapidincreaseofpore?uidover--??cantroleintheconnectivityofsiliciclasticreservoirs,andmaythereforebecrucialnotjustforin-(Lewisetal.,2002):i)bedsofsandstoneareshearedandeincreas-formdeformedribbonsparalleltoafaultplane;ii)bedsofsandstoneeparalleltothefaultplane;themigrationandentrapmentof?,iii)??uidtrans-(.,2007).uralongafaultplane:i)thevelocityof?owmonlydisplayawiderangeoffaultzonearchitecture,whichalongthefaultplanemustbehighenoughforsandgrainstobe?ui-variesfromverythingougeorcataclastichorizons,towell-developeddized;ii)theparentsandstonefromwhich?uidizedsandisderivedisdamageandcorezones(Caineetal.,1996;Kimetal.,2004).Inmulti-poorly-?rstconditionisencounteredwhentheve-layered,poorly-consolidated,siliciclasticstrata(mudstone-sandstonelocityofthe?uidexceedstheminimum-?uidizationvelocityofsandintercalations),faultrocksaretypicallyrepresentedbycataclastic(Lowe,1975).ursinpartsofsedi--Fine-grainedparticulate?ow,cataclasticmaterialandhighlysmearedi?cation,monlycon?nedtothe?rstfewhundredsofmetresclaycontentareallfactorswhichhinder?uid?owmigrationandsig-ofburial(Jonketal.,2003;VigoritoandHurst,2010).partmentalization(Jonesetal.,1998;AlthoughsandstoneintrusionsassociatedwithnormalfaultsareBaileyetal.,2002;Benseetal.,2003;Ainsworth,2006;Childsetal.,occasionallyinterpretedusingsubsurfacedata(al.,1995;1997;2007;Jolleyetal.,2007;al.,2007).Mineralization,Shouldersetal.,2007;Ko?a,2007;Bureauetal.,2013;Yangetal.,sourcedfrom?uidspercolatingthroughafaultzone,isanadditional2014theyarestillpoorly-documentedatoutcrop(),Taylor,1982;factorthatprecludessubsequent?,1991;JollyandLonergan,2002;Lewisetal.,Ontheotherhand,urrenceofporousandpermeablesandstone2002;RibeiroandTerrinha,2007;MontenatandBarrier,2007;withinafaultzonemaystronglyenhanceits?,2014;Ravieretal.,2015;Palladinoetal.,2016;?Correspondingauthor.??-mailaddresses:giuseppe.******@(),Ian.******@().https:///.;Receivedinrevisedform15February2018;Accepted22February2018Availableonline27February20180191-8141/?.:..(2018)86–(enerallocation):a)GeologicalmapofthewesternmarginoftheSanJoaquinValleyandassociatedstratigraphiccolumn(modi?edfromBartow,1996).b)olumn(modi?edfromBoehmandMoore,2002).:SanAndreasFaultZone;SGFZ:.,2017).Ourcasestudythereforefocusesonwell-de--?llednormalfaults(SFNF)exposedinthePanoche/TumeyhillsandSantaCruzareasincentralCalifornia(),-waterclasticstratapresentidealconditionsforsandin--ThePanoche/prisesaLateCretaceoustoEarlyceptional?eldexamplesofSFNF,andtodiscusstheirgeometry,origin,Cenozoicstratigraphicsequencedepositedalongthewesternmarginoftiming,?canceintermsoftheSanJoaquinValley(Moxon,1988)().TheSanJoaquinbasinevolution,umulationofJurassictoQuaternarybarriersto?uid?-,thePanoche/:..(2018)86–101KreyenhagenShaleformationsbothdepositedinanancientforearcAstheageoftheSantaCruzMudstone,thestratigraphicunithostingbasin().TheMorenoFormationconsistsofanUpperCretaceousSFNF,hasbeenattributedto7–9Ma(LateMiocene)(BoehmandtoLowerPaleocenesequenceoflens-shapedturbiditicsandstone,Moore,2002),-of-However,thelackofyoungerunitscoveringSFNFinthisareadoesnotslopetotheupperslope-.(prisesadominantlymudstonesequencecontainingiso-latedturbiditicsandstonedepositedinaslopetoshelfenvironment(Moxon,1988;Bartow,1991;JohnsonandGraham,2007).():plex(PGIC),plex(TGIC)and,thesigni?-plex(SCIC).TheSantaCruzcoastalareaconsistsofaMiocenesedimentaryessionthatunconformablyoverliesthegranitic/(PGIC)Salinianbasement(Clark,1981;AydinandPage,1984;Pageetal.,ThePGIC()consistsofawell-workofdikesand1998)().essionconsistsofthecoarse-sillsintrudedwithintheUpperCretaceoustoPaleoceneMorenoFor-grained,large-scalecross-beddedtidal/nearshorearkosicSantaMar-mation(VigoritoandHurst,2010).plexrecordsagaritaSandstone,whichpassesupwardintodeep-watertoshelfal,or-large-urredduringtheLowerPaleo-ganic-rich,thicklybeddedbiosiliceousSantaCruzMudstone()cene(Danian)andinvolvedanareaofatleast1500km2thatincludes(Barron,1986).oPliocenePurisimaFormationisthealmost400km2ofoutcrop(VigoritoandHurst,2010).ItconsistsofyoungestunitrecognizedintheSantaCruzarea,prises,verydi?erentarchitecturalelementsrepresented(fromthebasetotop)bythick-beddedtu?aceousanddiatomaceousneriticsiltstonesalternatingparentunits,intrusivebodiesandextrudites(Vigoritoetal.,2008;withthick-beddedandesiticsandstones(JohnsonandGraham,2007).Hurstetal.,2011;Scottetal.,2013).prisetur-(Vigoritoetal.,2008).Theintrusivebodiesconsistofcm-tometre-thickinterconnectedsingleorThepresentstructuralarrangementofcentralCalifornia(includingmulti-(VigoritoandHurst,2010)thetwostudyareas)(),prisemound-likesandbodiescroppingoutintheupperpartofthestrike-sliptectonicsoperatingfromtheCretaceoustotheQuaternaryMorenoFormation,wheretheyconsistof?ne-tomedium-grained(Pageetal.,1998;AtwaterandStock,1998).-comitantonsetoftheGreatValleyforearcbasin(Ingersoll,1979;DickinsonandSeely,1979;Consteniusetal.,2000).Strike-sliptec-(TGIC)tonicsisrelatedtotheactivationoftheSanAndresFaultZoneandotherTheTGIC()workofdikesandsillsemplacedintheKreyenhagenShales(Huuseetal.,2007).TheTGICdi?ersfromassociatedfaultsfromtheEoceneonward(al.,2013).ThethePGICinthatithasextensivechannelizedturbiditicsandstonesthatPanoche/Tumeyhillsareaislocatedalongtheeastern?ankoftheSanareintenselydeformedbysand?,(Bartow,1991;NamsonandDavis,1988).,theTGICareaconsistsofasouthwest-dippinghomoclinesituatedbetweentheintrudestheKreyenhagenShalestrataofLowertoMiddleEoceneage,SanAndreasFaultZone(SAFZ)andSanGregorioFaultZone(SGFZ)()(Phillips,1990).TemblorFormationwhichunconformableoverliestheKreyenhagenDespitethelackofextensionaltectonicsinthisregionaltectoniccontext,thenumberofnormalfaultsinthestudyareasissurprisinglyShaleisuna?ectedbysandinjection,meaningthatinjectionpre-,(SCIC)contractionalstructures(.,2016)orassociatedwithTheSCIC()workofpartiallytar-saturatedwrenchtectonics(AydinandPage,1984).AnotherpossibilityfortheandunsaturateddikesandsillsemplacedintheSantaCruzMudstoneinitiationofnormalfaultsislinkedtotheexhumationoftheFranciscan(al.,1999;Scottetal.,2009).TheparentunitoftheSCICcomplex,modatedbyextensionaltectonics(monlyidenti?edastheSantaMargaritaSandstone(BoehmandJones,1989;Dumitru,1989;Harmsetal.,1992;Unruhetal.,2007;Moore,2002;al.,2007).UsingmineralogicaldataClarkSousaetal.,2016).InthePanoche/Tumeyhillsarea,themajorityof(1981)andScottetal.(2009)suggestedthatmultipleparentsand-SFNFaresystematicallyorientedNW-SEandWNW-ESE(),-developedintrusivewhereasintheSantaCruzcoastalarea,workthatmainlyconsistsofwidely-spacedsills,dikesandlocallyinantlyNNW-SSEandN-Strending().preservedsaucer-?culttoascer-,?,inthePanoche/Tumeyhillsarea(),SFNFarenotPantherbeachsillatleastupto15mthick(al.,1999;documentedinstratigraphicunitsyoungerthantheKreyenhagenShaleScottetal.,2009).urasmultiple,laterally-dis-andabruptlyterminateattheunconformitydelimitingthebasethecontinuous,moundedunitsrecognizedindi?(BoehmandMoore,2002;Hurstetal.,deformationtobetweentheMiddleEocene(ageoftheKreyenhagen2006).urrenceofextruditeswithintheSantaCruzMudstoneShale)andtheMiddleMiocene(ageoftheTemblorFormation).IntheallowstheageofemplacementoftheSCICtobeconstrainedtotheLateSantaCruzarea(),(7–9Ma).88:..(2018)86–?edstructuralmapsofthePanoche/Tumeyhills,)InthePanoche/Tumeyhillsarea,stereoplots(equal-area,lowerhemisphere)showpreferentialNW-SEandWNW-)IntheSantaCruz