social equity and urban nature conservation jensen reitz montambault文献.pdf

该【social equity and urban nature conservation jensen reitz montambault文献 】是由【小舍儿】上传分享，文档一共【24】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【social equity and urban nature conservation jensen reitz montambault文献 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..SocialEquityandUrbanNatureConservationJensenReitzMontambault,TheNatureConservancy,ScienceforNatureandPeoplePartnership;SchoolofEarth&EnvironmentalScience,UniversityofQueensland,******@MyriamDormer,ia,******@JacobCampbell,FieldMuseum,KellerScienceActionCenter,******@NaureenRana,ChicagoParkDistrict,naureen.******@SaraGottlieb,ia,******@JohnLegge,TheNatureConservancyinChicago,john.******@DeronDavis,ia,deron_******@MohamadChakaki,munities,******@Runningtitle:SocialEquityandUrbanNatureConservationmunity-basedConservation,Culture,SocialJustice,NorthAmerica,Sustainability,UrbanEcologyTypeofarticle:PolicyPerspectivesNumberofwordsintheabstract:200Numberofwordsinthemanuscript:3,023Numberofreferences:27Numberoffiguresandtables:7eptedforpublicationandundergonefullpeerreviewbuthasnotbeenthroughthecopyediting,typesetting,paginationandproofreadingprocess,:..:..Correspondingauthor:JensenReitzMontambault,TheNatureConservancy,ScienceforNatureandPeoplePartnership,490WestfieldRd.,Charlottesville,Virginia22901,US,Phone:+001-434-981-0299,Fax:+001-703-841-1283,email:******@AbstractNatureconservationandsocialequityissueshavebeenapproachedinamyriadofwaysbyconservation,-profitseekingtodevelopanurbanconservationprogramintheAtlantametropolitanareapurposefullyengagedresidentsfrommunitiesandself-,builtonacenturylonghistoryofenvironmentalstewardshipformigratorybirdsandpollinators,-basedresearchapproacheshavehelpedestablishedco-(Robinson2011),,changinghumansocietyanditsneedsforfood,waterandenergy(UNHSP2016)..:..combinedarenaswithoutinadvertentnegativeimpactsisoftenuncleartoconservationpractitioners().,asdescribedintheprotectedareasprogramofworkfortheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD2017),,fourfacetstosocialequityandweconsidereachinourdiscussion.??Distributional:howpositiveandnegativeconsequencesofnaturalphenomenaandresourcesareexperiencedorallocatedamongallmembersofsociety()??Procedural:governmentalpoliciesandotherinstitutionalpracticesintentionallyoressingorbenefitingfromnature(,Taylor2016)??Recognition:includeallpeoplesasequallyworthyandvaluediverseperspectives,beliefsandformsofknowledgeindecision-making(Franks&Schreckenberg2016)??Contextual:advantagesorprejudicesinherenttoagivensocialstructurethatinfluenceanindividual’sorgroup’sabilitytoenjoyorconsumenatureanditsservices(Jost&Kay2010),iaAmajorhallmarkofthecivilrightseraintheUSwastheoverturninginthe1950sand?60soflawsformallyseparatingactivitiesofpeopleofcolorfromothercitizens(Hall2005)..:..thecaseofmetropolitanAtlanta,ia(Figure1),thecityintendsarapidlygrowingeconomytopromotethewellbeingofgrowingnumberspeopleofcolor,particularlymiddle-andupper-classAfricanAmericans(Gates2007).However,thelegacyofsegregationremainsafactorinsustainableandequitableurbanplanning(Silver1991).TheNatureConservancy(TNC),aninternationalnon-anization,hasworkedintheStateia,whereAtlantaisthelargestmetropolitanarea,,theworkofTNCinAtlantafocusedonmorewildspacesoutsideofurbandevelopment,,TNCembarkedonamulti-stepassessment(Figure3)tobetterunderstandthesocialandecologicalcontextandopportunitiesforcollaborationandcommunity-es(Bryant&Callewaert2003,,).TherearemanybarriersintheconservationfieldtounderstandingtheconservationinterestsofpeopleofcolorintheUS,includinginternalizedracismoroppressionandlackofculturalcompetencyamongpeopleofnon-color(Finney2014).InmetropolitanAtlanta,AfricanAmericansareoverhalfofthepopulationandthedominantsub-groupamongpeopleofcolor(USCensus2010).Assuch,,-munityleadersandwererecruitedthroughaworksofthebroaderAtlantaconservationcommunity(asdescribedinFinney2014).Aspartoftheconversation,participantsarguedagainstaperceivedmisconceptionthatpeopleofcolor,includingAfricanAmericans,lackadeeprelationshipwithnature(.,Taylor2000,Byrne&.:..therein).Incontrast,respondentsreasonedeveryhumanwouldliketofeelsecureandenjoypleasantoutdoorspaces,cleanwater,-,treesareprofferedbysomeAtlanta-basedenvironmentalgroupsasacriticaldimensionofahighqualityoflife(Nowak2001);however,asstudieselsewherehavenoted,theycanposephysicalhazards,particularlyduringstorms,andcareandmaintenancecreatesfinancialandtimeburdens().Respondentsemphasizeddevelopingsharedgoalsandactivitiestogetherwithlocalleadersandengaginginculturallyappropriate,-identifiedAfricanAmericanresidentsandleadersinthemetropolitanAtlanta,TNCthenselected30participantsself-identifyingasenvironmentalleaders,planners,policyanalysts,academics,developersandlandmanagersforsemi-,airquality,waterquality,publichealth,urbanforestry,youthengagement,()andhighpotentialtoaddresswaterqualityissuesthroughstrategicforestprotectionandrestoration(McDonald&Shemie2014).AbaselinestudyofAtlanta?surbantreecanopyfoundthatzoninglawsconcentratetreecanopyinareaszonedforsinglefamilyresidenceselevels(Giarrusso&Smith2014).Forthisreason,semi-structuredinterviewsfocusedonissuesaroundforestcoverandstormwaterrun--,inthepast,.:..communitieswereoftenunder-resourcedintermsoftimeandtrainingtoengagewithcommunitiesinsuchawaythatwouldfosteralong-,mendedthatbiodiversityconservationpractitionersbudgetforsufficienttimeandotherresourcestounderstandthelocalcontext,-identifyingenvironmentalleadersidentified“unsustainablemanagementoflocalwaterresources”-bineremotesensing,UScensusandlocalknowledgedatasets(Table1).munitiesofinterestwereidentifiedwithpotentialforimprovinglocalwaterqualitythroughrestorationandsupplementationoftheurbantreecanopy(Table2).,-.:..stewardshipofsuchspaces,,particularlywherefallinglimbsortreescouldcausepropertydamage,disproportionatelyaffectinglower--economicattributesandahigherproportionofAfricanAmericanresidents,--&RoutesInitiative,BurnhamWildlifeCorridor,Chicago,IllinoisSincethemid-1800s,ChicagohasreceivedwavesofimmigrantsfromEuropeandAsia,AfricanAmericanfromtheUSSouthand,mostrecently,,including18speciesofconservationconcern,,apioneeringurbanplancreatedbyDanielBurnhamaimedtobuildaworld-classparksystemonChicago?ssouthlakefront,ensuringeveryresidentwaswithinwalkingdistanceofagreenspace(Smith2009).TheBurnhamWildlifeCorridor(BWC)isthelongeststretchofnaturalareasontheChicagolakefront,a40-hectareribbonofdeliberatelyplannednativehabitatrunningthroughthelargerBurnhamPark(Figure2).essiblewithnativeprairie,.:..researchinChicagosincetheCenterforCulturalUnderstandingandChangewasformedin1993(Ostergaard&Wali2006).FieldMuseumstaffhavedeployedthisresearchapproachinRootsandRoutes,co-ledbyapublicagency,ChicagoParkDistrict(CPD),-developingresearchquestionsandprograms,munity-anizationstoconvenefocusgroupsandadministersurveys,,interviewsandfocusgroupswithresidentsfromRoots&munities(Table3)indicatethatinconsistent/inconvenientpublictransportationservice,physicalbarrierssuchastraintracksandahighway,-relatedviolence,andconcernsrelatedtoracialsegregationthattracebacktotheChicagoraceriotsof1919whichbegana