Tritium as tracer of groundwater pollution extension case study of Andralanitra landfill site, Antananarivo–Madagascar Voahirana Ramaroson.pdf

该【Tritium as tracer of groundwater pollution extension case study of Andralanitra landfill site, Antananarivo–Madagascar Voahirana Ramaroson 】是由【司棋夸克】上传分享，文档一共【11】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【Tritium as tracer of groundwater pollution extension case study of Andralanitra landfill site, Antananarivo–Madagascar Voahirana Ramaroson 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..AppliedWaterScience(2018)8:57https:///-018-0695-9ORIGINALARTICLETritiumas?tracerof?groundwaterpollutionextension:casestudyof?Andralanitralandfillsite,Antananarivo–MadagascarVoahirana?Ramaroson1,2?·Christian?Ulrich?Rakotomalala1?·Joel?Rajaobelison1,2?·Lahimamy?Paul?Fareze1?·Falintsoa?A.?Razafitsalama1?·Mamiseheno?Rasolofonirina2Received:17November2017/Accepted:26March2018?TheAuthor(s)2018AbstractThisstudyaimstounderstandtheextensionofgroundwaterpollutiondownstreamofalandfill,Andralanitra–Antanana-rivo–-posedofdugwellwaters,springwaters,river,andlake,weremeasuredinstableisotopes(δ2H,δ18O),collectedattheimmediatevicinityofthelandfill,havehightritiumactivities(?),-therdownstreamofthelandfill,tritiumactivitiesrepresentnaturalsource,??-,thecalculatedtraceragesrelatedtotworecentgroundwatersamplescollecteddowngradientofthelandfilllaybetween[8–15]?yearsand[4–7]years,,?·Landfill?·Contamination?·Closeproximity?·Tritium?·AndralanitraIntroductionandPersson(2012)investigatedtheenvironmentalimpactofmunicipalsolidwastelandfillsinsemi-aridclimates,inLandfilluseasmunicipalsolidwastemanagementhasnega-,,municipallandfilllea-CommunityofCasablanca-o,thepollutionplumechatesalsohavehightritiumactivitiesasreportedbysev-movedfurtherthroughanareaofagriculturalvocationeralauthors(MutchandMahony2008;Hickset?;withinadecadeaslandfillleachateinfiltratedthroughtheCasta?edaet?).fracturedquartziteformation(Fekriet?).-mentaltracersofgroundwaterpollution:itdoesnotinteract*******@porousmediaandisconsideredconservativegeochemi-1NationalInstitutefor?NuclearScienceand?Technologycally(HollandandKarl2010);itsactivityinwatersample(INSTN-Madagascar),?3907,101?Antananarivo,canbemeasuredatlowlevel(IAEAet?)?Scienceand?Technology,Mentionin?Physics,analysisespeciallycanidentifycontaminationatlessthanNuclearand?AppliedPhysicsLaboratory,University1%,theuseoftritiumandotherisotopescansubstitutelargeof?Antananarivo,?906,101?Antananarivo,numberofchemicalparameters,especiallyinafirstphaseofMadagascarVol.:(0123456789)13:..57Page2of11AppliedWaterScience(2018)8:57sitecharacterization(Racoet?).Therefore,(Tazioli2011).Tritiumsourcemeasurementsenabledasgraniteslie(1980).SurroundingtheplainofuratelyleachateflowinalandfillzoneinIre-Andralanitra,thealtitudevariesfrom1280to1300?mland(Murphyet?).(Douessin1976).ThelandfillsiteofAndralanitraislocatedatabout10?kmfromthecapitalcityAntananarivoandhasbeenusedforClimatehouseholdwastedisposalfor50?years(Rasoanaivo2016).OriginallyplannedtoreceivewastewithinanareaofLocatedbetweendowntownAntananarivoanditsNorth-130,000squaremeters,thesiteiscurrentlyoverloadeddueernDistrict,thestudyareafeaturesasubtropicalhighlandupiesclimate,-50,:thehotandrainyseasons,fromOctobertoApril,atotalweightofwastebetween450and600tonsdaily,theandthecoldanddryseasons,–15?min2010().Besides,thesitedoesnothaveanyconfine-Thehotseasonhasanaveragemaximumtemperaturementorsealingsystem(LeSourd1999),?°C,?°C(Climatedatafrom1981to2017,,theshallowPogodaiklimat2016).?mmofprecipitationannually(Pogodaiklimat2016).In2010,theFrenchDevelopmentAgency(FDA)studiedthewaterqualityinsomedugwellssurroundingthewastedepositsiteandstatedthepresenceofchemicalpollutant,Geologicalsettingsinparticularinonesamplecollectedjustdowngradientofthelandfill(FDA2010).TheNationalInstituteforNuclearArchaeanandNeoproterozoicigneousandmetamor-ScienceandTechnology-Madagascar(INSTN-Madagascar)plexunderlaytheCen-,river,andlakeandtheresultsconfirmeddeeplyweathered(Davies,2008).Alluvialplainembed-thepreviousfindingsbyFDA(Andrianiana2013;Rakoto-dedinthicksaprolitecover,whichliesonmetamorphicmalala2014).PrecambrianbasementrockscharacterizesAntananarivoThepresentstudyusesenvironmentalisotopes(2H,18O)(Rasolomananaet?).Thealluvialplainresultedandinparticulartritium(3H)toassesstheextentofthepol-partmentofthelutionintheshallowaquiferwithin700?,essiveallu-,schematically:–anoutcropofthinclayeysilt,whichisthesubstratumSitedescriptionofpaddyricefields;––3?mthick;Geographicallocation–?mthick;–sandykaolinwhiteclays,of2?mthick;ThestudyareaislocatedintheCentralHighlandsPlateau,–sandof10–15?mthick,withincreasinggrainsizeDistrictofNorthernAntananarivointheregionofAnala-towardsthebottom(Rakotoet?).manga,atabout10?,exceptintheNorth-ExtractofthegeologicalmapofAntananarivo(Fig.?2a)westernpart,wheresmallagglomerationofhouseholdslim-ursonthealluvialplain,.?(Fig.?1).13:..AppliedWaterScience(2018)8:,SourceGoogleEarth,,theresidualterm,whichdidnotundergotheevapotranspirationprocess,Themainaquiferreservoirofthealluvialplainconsistsjoinstheunderlayingaquifer,whichisalsorechargedbytheofthicklayer(morethan10?m)ofalluvialsand,work(Rakotoet?).coversthewholeplainareaandplaystheroleofdrainage,,alateritic–kao-plementaryprocesses:verticalrainfalllinicformation,occurringontheinterfluveconstitutesaninfiltration,workunconfinedaquiferandcanbereadilyexploitedthroughandthealteredrocks,andverticaldrainageofthesurficialindividualtraditionaldugwells(Rasolomananaet?(DussarratandRalaimarp1993;Dus-2011).sarrat1992;GrillotandFerry1990).urrenceofseveralemergingspringsinthealluvialenrichedsandyclaymaterials,kaolinicfeldsparandferro-plainallowsthefloodingofpaddyricefields,evenduringmagnesianmineralscoveredbyclaylayerandconstitutesathelowflowperiod(Rasolomananaet?).confinedaquifer(DussarratandRalaimarp1993).Thehydroisohypsesmapofthestudyarea(Fig.?3)isInthemetamorphicbasement,,ursintospringsindifferentpartsrocksconstitutethebaseleveloftheoutcroppinggeologicalofthestudyarea,bothupstreamanddownstreamoftheland-formations,:..57Page4of11AppliedWaterScience(2018)8:(Rakotoet?)solely,-,ESTEN)--levelLiquidScintilla-easternpartwouldexplainthehighervelocityasground-tionCounterTRICARB3170TR/SL,samplesweredistilledwaterflowsinsandofincreasinggrainsizedeeperintotheandunderwentelectrolyticenrichmentfortritiummeasure-aquifer(stratigraphiclogofthealluvialplaininFig.?2b).-stableisotopesweremeasuredbymassspec-trometerIRMSDeltaPlusbyCO2andH2–?ursnaturallyasreactionproductbetweenatmos-itrogenandthermalneutronsasperEq.?(1):ThesamplingcampaignwascarriedoutinOctober2011,14123within700?mupstreamanddownstreamofthelandfillsiteN+n→C+H.(1)(Fig.?1).Traditionaldugwell,spring,river,-Itisashort-livedradioisotope,?yearsposedthe21samplingpointsvisited,whicharedistributed(?;Varlamet?),usedforyoungground-aroundthelandfill,asillustratedinFig.?,“effectiveage”isdeterminedusingtheradi-urredattheimmediatevicinityofthewastedepositoactivedecayequationasperEq.?(2),whereAistheground--samplingpointswererelativelyshal-watertritiumactivitymeasuredatsamplingtimet,Aoisthelowwithamaximumdepthof6?mandaminimumof2?m,tritiumactivityatthetimeofrecharge,:?=Ae?t.(2),butAllsampleswerecollectedinplasticpolyethylenebottles:218anaverageagesincewaterbuildsupintheaquiferforyears50-mLbottleforwater-stableisotope(H,O)analysisand13:..AppliedWaterScience(2018)8:,theterm“effectiveTable1Isotopedataofdugwellwatersage”isused(Mazor2004).ConsideringthatfacttheageSamplecode3H(TU)δ18O(‰δ2H(‰VSMOW)calculatedisnotthegroundwateragebutratherthe“tracerVSMOW)age”.Equation?(2)he“roup1“effectiveage”relatedtoyounggroundwaterasclassified?±??-quantitativeevaluationofthetritiumcontentin?±??,assumingthatthereisnomixingwithanyGroup2typeofaquifermaterials.?±???±???±???±???discussionGroup3?±???1and2showtheisotopedatafordugwellwatersand?±??,river,andlakewaters,respectively.?±??,whilewater-?±??±‰forδ18O?±??±2‰forδ2H(-underrefer-?±??-12-001ofMarch1,ESTEN).?±??:?±??:..57Page6of11AppliedWaterScience(2018)8:57Table2Isotopedataofspring,river,andlakewatersSpringwaters3H(TU)δ18O(‰δ2H(‰VSMOW)VSMOW)±??±??